scholarly journals Analysis of the Effect of Cross-sectional Area on Water Flow Velocity by Using Venturimeter Tubes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Ana Dhiqfaini Sultan ◽  
Rizky Rizky ◽  
Hidayat Hidayat ◽  
Sri Mulyani ◽  
Wahdah Anugrah Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Water Flow Velocity ◽  
Heavy Medium ◽  
Air Flow Velocity ◽  
Analyze Data

This simple experiment with title  the analysis of the effect of cross-sectional area on air flow velocity using a venturimeter tube with aim to know the relation between section wide, speed of water flow and water level in capillary pipes and to know basic principle of Bernoulli and the application in simple set. The activity was reading water level of capillary pipes the caused by changes of water flow that started from heavy, medium, and low. Then analyzed the data that got for every changes of water flow that started from count the different water level in capillary pipes on big pipes and small pipes after that looking for speed of fluid flow on both pipes. Based on analyze data as a result relation between section wide, speed of water flow and water level in capillary pipes that was as bigger of section wide then the speed of water flow was getting smaller and the level water in capillary pipes was getting taller. This is appropriate with Bernoulli principle that states an increase in the speed of a fluid on a pipe with decrease in pressure and in reverse.Keywords: Venturimeter Tube, Cross-Sectional Area, Speed Of Water Flow, Water Level, Principle Of BernoulliEksperimen sederhana ini berjudul analisis pengaruh luas penampang terhadap kecepatan aliran air dengan menggunakan Tabung Venturimeter yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara luas penampang, Kecepatan aliran air dan ketinggian air pada pipa kapiler serta untuk mengetahui prinsip dasar hukum Bernoulli dan penerapannya dalam rangkaian sederhana. Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah membaca ketinggian air pipa kapiler yang disebabkan dari perubahan laju aliran air dimulai dari deras, sedang dan rendah. Kemudian menganalisis data yang diperoleh untuk setiap perubahan laju aliran air yang dimulai dari menghitung perbedaan ketinggian air pipa kapiler pada pipa besar dan pipa kecil setelah itu mencari kecepatan aliran fluida pada kedua pipa. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh hubungan antara luas penampang, kecepatan aliran air dan ketinggian air pada pipa kapiler yakni semakin besar luas penampang pipa maka kecepatan aliran air pada pipa semakin kecil dan ketinggian air pada pipa kapiler semakin tinggi. Hal ini sesuai dengan bunyi asas Bernoulli yang menyatakan bahwa semakin besar kecepatan fluida dalam suatu pipa maka tekanannya makin kecil dan sebaliknya makin kecil kecepatan fluida dalam suatu pipa maka semakin besar tekanannya.Kata kunci: Tabung Venturimeter, Luas Penampang, Kecepatan aliran air, Ketinggian air, hukum Bernoulli

scholarly journals A Study of Sedimentation at the River Estuary on the Change of Reservoir Storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 03001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iskahar ◽  
Suripin ◽  
Isdiyana
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Sedimentation Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Channel Angle ◽  
Reservoir Storage

Estuary of the river that leads to the reservoir has characteristics include: relatively flat, there is a change in the increase of wet cross-sectional area and backwater. The backwater will cause the flow velocity to be reduced, so that the grains of sediment with a certain diameter carried by the flow will settle in the estuary of the river. The purpose of this research is to know the distribution and sedimentation pattern at the river estuary that leads to the reservoir with the change of water level in the reservoir storage, so the solution can be found to remove / reduce sediment before entering the reservoir. The method used is the experimental, by making the physical model of the river estuary leading to the reservoir. This study expects a solution to reduce sedimentation, so that sedimentation can be removed / minimized before entering the reservoir. This research tries to apply bypass channel to reduce the sedimentation at the river estuary. Bypass channels can be applied to overcome sedimentation at the river estuary, but in order for the sediment to be removed optimally, it is necessary to modify the mouth of bypass channel and channel angle.

Effect of endurance training on coronary artery size and function in healthy men: an invasive followup study

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (6) ◽  
pp. H2216-H2223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Windecker ◽  
Yves Allemann ◽  
Michael Billinger ◽  
Tilmann Pohl ◽  
Damian Hutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Coronary Flow Velocity

In eight healthy male volunteers (cardiologists; age 36 ± 5 yr), bicycle spiroergometry, Doppler echocardiography, and quantitative coronary angiography with intracoronary Doppler measurements before and after completion of a physical endurance exercise program of >5 mo duration were performed. Maximum oxygen uptake increased from 46 ± 6 to 54 ± 5 ml · kg−1 · min−1( P = 0.04), maximum ergometric workload changed from 3.8 ± 0.3 to 4.4 ± 0.3 W/kg ( P = 0.001), and left ventricular mass index increased from 82 ± 18 to 108 ± 29 g/m2 ( P = 0.001). The right, left main, and left anterior descending coronary artery cross-sectional area increased significantly in repsonse to exercise. Before versus at the end of the exercise program, flow-induced left anterior descending coronary artery cross-sectional area was 10.1 ± 3.5 and 11.0 ± 3.9 mm2, respectively ( P = 0.03), nitroglycerin-induced left coronary calibers increased significantly, and coronary flow velocity reserve changed from 3.8 ± 0.8 to 4.5 ± 0.7 ( P = 0.001). Left coronary artery correlated significantly with ventricular mass and maximum oxygen uptake, and coronary flow velocity reserve was significantly associated with maximum workload.

Numerical Simulation of Water Flow Velocity for Microfluidic Application Using COMSOL Multiphysics

2014 ◽  
Vol 925 ◽  
pp. 651-655
Author(s):  
Nurulazirah Md Salih ◽  
Uda Hashim ◽  
Nayan Nafarizal ◽  
Chin Fhong Soon ◽  
Mohd Zainizan Sahdan
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Channel Length ◽  
Comsol Multiphysics ◽  
Simulation Design ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Water Flow Velocity ◽  
Simulation Results

In microfluidic devices, the most important aspect has to be considered for the manufacturing process is the geometric design. Simulation is a good approach for determining the performance of the design. In this study, several microchannel designs were simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.2 software in order to find the optimized geometry. It involves a study of different shape, diameter, length, and angle of microchannels design, and its influence on the water flow velocity. From the simulation results, an optimize microchannels design was obtained which consists of 100 μm cross-sectional diameter, 4:3:11 channel length ratio, and 35 degrees of microchannels angle. Further study could be done to improve the finding of the microfluidic simulation design for better water flow behavior.

Left atrial cross-sectional area is a novel measure of atrial shape associated with cardioembolic strokes

Heart ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (15) ◽  
pp. 1176-1182
Author(s):  
Timothy C Tan ◽  
Maria Carmo Pereira Nunes ◽  
Mark Handschumacher ◽  
Octavio Pontes-Neto ◽  
Yong-Hyun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Velocity Profiles ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveCardioembolic (CE) stroke carries significant morbidity and mortality. Left atrial (LA) size has been associated with CE risk. We hypothesised that differential LA remodelling impacts on pathophysiological mechanism of major CE strokes.MethodsA cohort of consecutive patients hospitalised with ischaemic stroke, classified into CE versus non-CE strokes using the Causative Classification System for Ischaemic Stroke were enrolled. LA shape and remodelling was characterised by assessing differences in maximal LA cross-sectional area (LA-CSA) in a cohort of 40 prospectively recruited patients with ischaemic stroke using three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography. Flow velocity profiles were measured in spherical versus ellipsoidal in vitro models to determine if LA shape influences flow dynamics. Two-dimensional (2D) LA-CSA was subsequently derived from standard echocardiographic views and compared with 3D LA-CSA.ResultsA total of 1023 patients with ischaemic stroke were included, 230 (22.5%) of them were classified as major CE. The mean age was 68±16 years, and 464 (45%) were women. The 2D calculated LA-CSA correlated strongly with the LA-CSA measured by 3D in both end-systole and end-diastole. In vitro flow models showed shape-related differences in mid-level flow velocity profiles. Increased LA-CSA was associated with major CE stroke (adjusted relative risk 1.10, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.16; p<0.001), independent of age, gender, atrial fibrillation, left ventricular ejection fraction and CHA2DS2-VASc score. Specifically, the inclusion of LA-CSA in a model with traditional risk factors for CE stroke resulted in significant improvement in model performance with the net reclassification improvement of 0.346 (95% CI 0.189 to 0.501; p=0.00001) and the integrated discrimination improvement of 0.013 (95% CI 0.003 to 0.024; p=0.0119).ConclusionsLA-CSA is a marker of adverse LA shape associated with CE stroke, reflecting importance of differential LA remodelling, not simply LA size, in the mechanism of CE risk.

Experimental Study on Flow Velocity in Open Channel with Different Arrangement Submerged Flexible Vegetation

2012 ◽  
Vol 516-517 ◽  
pp. 1093-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Yue Hu ◽  
Yi Fan Yang ◽  
Xiao Xiong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
Water Flow Velocity ◽  
Water Level Variation ◽  
Sparse Vegetation ◽  
Flexible Vegetation ◽  
Standard Arrangement

Laboratory experiments using Nortek Doppler Velocimeter were performed to investigate the characteristics of water flow in open channels with submerged flexible vegetation in different arrangements. Test results reveal that the presence of vegetation influences water level variation. No matter what kind of arrangement the vegetation is, the water level variation of vegetation area can be divided into three processes: rise, and then fall, at last remains stable. While the variation ranges of water level in interlaced arrangement vegetation area is larger than the standard arrangement. Compared with standard arrangement, the water flow velocity of interlaced arrangement fluctuates much more greatly. The higher density of equidifferent vegetation area, the lower lodging degree and water flow velocity. The lateral water flow velocity fluctuates most greatly in densely vegetation area, while at sparse vegetation area, the lateral water flow above and below vegetation layer is reverse.

scholarly journals Numerical analysis of rapid water transfer beneath Antarctica

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (192) ◽  
pp. 640-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nial J. Peters ◽  
Ian C. Willis ◽  
Neil S. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Roughness Parameter ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Lake Depth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Model Water

AbstractWe use a simple energy-conservation model and a model based on Röthlisberger’s theory for steady-state water flow in a subglacial conduit to model water movement between lakes in the Adventure subglacial trench region of East Antarctica during a 1996–98 jökulhlaup. Using available field evidence to constrain the models suggests that water flow would likely be accommodated in a tunnel with a cross-sectional area of 36 m2 and a value for k (the reciprocal of Manning’s roughness parameter) larger than the 12.5 m1/3 s−1 previously calculated. We also use Nye’s theory for time-dependent conduit water flow to model the temporal evolution of conduit discharge, cross-sectional area, water pressure and lake draining and filling during the flood. We initially assume one source and one sink lake. We perform sensitivity tests on the input parameter set, matching modeled source- and sink-lake depth changes with measured surface elevation data. Using a simple function for vertical ice deformation in which surface deformation scales linearly to the lake depth change, we find the scaling factor is of the order 4 × 10−3 of the ice thickness. The most likely value of k lies in the range 55–68 m1/3 s−1, and the ratio of source to sink-lake radii is approximately 1 : 1.4. Finally, we experiment using Nye’s theory to model water movement between one source and three sink lakes. The model fails to produce the observed patterns of water movement as indicated by the surface deformation data.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN OKSIGEN TERLARUT (AERASI) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PIPA – U

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratni Dewi ◽  
Ratna Sari
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Pipe Length ◽  
Water Flow Velocity ◽  
Water Plants ◽  
Air Flow Velocity ◽  
Research Show

Water is an essential substance in the human daily life. One of the criteria of healthy water is represented by its dissolved oxygen content. In this research, the water used came from the drilled well and after being treated hopefully the dissolved oxygen in the water will increase. Dissolved oxygen contained in water originated from the air and from the photosynthesis process of water plants. The capability of oxygen to dissolve in water are effected by temperature, barometric air pressure or high and the mineral content in the water. This research‘s goal is to anylize dissolved oxygen content in the water after being treated to several different variables such as pipe length, air flow velocity and water flow velocity. From the interaction of these variable we will find which variable is most significant. The outcome of the the research show that air flow velocity has an influence on the dissolved oxygen content in which the higher the air flow velocity, dissolved oxygen in the water is increase. Water flow velocity has a significant influence on dissolved oxygen content where the lower the water flow velocity will increase the dissolved oxygen in the water.Key Word : Dissolved Oxygen

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