A comparative approach to dogs’ (Canis familiaris) and human infants’ comprehension of various forms of pointing gestures

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Lakatos ◽  
Krisztina Soproni ◽  
Antal Dóka ◽  
Ádám Miklósi
Keyword(s):  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Pointing Gestures

Dynamic comparison of the development of combinatory manipulations between chimpanzee and human infants

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-66
Author(s):  
Hideko Takeshita
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Infant Chimpanzees

I present my observations of combinatory manipulations by three infant chimpanzees in a series of test tasks. Common characteristics of motor patterns were observed across the tasks between both infant chimpanzees and 1-year-old infants. Based on the results, I point out that comparative approach can illuminate Thelen et al.'s arguments.

scholarly journals Dogs' looking times and pupil dilation response reveal expectations about contact causality

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph J. Völter ◽  
Ludwig Huber
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Contact Condition ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Causal Perception ◽  
Violation Of Expectation ◽  
Kinematic Properties

Contact causality is one of the fundamental principles allowing us to make sense of our physical environment. From an early age, humans perceive spatio-temporally contiguous launching events as causal. Surprisingly little is known about causal perception in non-human animals, particularly outside the primate order. Violation-of-expectation paradigms in combination with eye-tracking and pupillometry have been used to study physical expectations in human infants. In the current study, we establish this approach for dogs ( Canis familiaris ). We presented dogs with realistic three-dimensional animations of launching events with contact (regular launching event) or without contact between the involved objects. In both conditions, the objects moved with the same timing and kinematic properties. The dogs tracked the object movements closely throughout the study but their pupils were larger in the no-contact condition and they looked longer at the object initiating the launch after the no-contact event compared to the contact event. We conclude that dogs have implicit expectations about contact causality.

Comprehension of human pointing gestures in young human-reared wolves (Canis lupus) and dogs (Canis familiaris)

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsófia Virányi ◽  
Márta Gácsi ◽  
Enikő Kubinyi ◽  
József Topál ◽  
Beatrix Belényi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Pointing Gestures ◽  
Human Pointing

scholarly journals Dogs follow human misleading suggestions more often when the informant has a false belief

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1955) ◽  
pp. 20210906
Author(s):  
Lucrezia Lonardo ◽  
Christoph J. Völter ◽  
Claus Lamm ◽  
Ludwig Huber
Keyword(s):  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
False Belief ◽  
False Beliefs ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Pet Dogs ◽  
Primate Lineage ◽  
Location Task

We investigated whether dogs ( Canis familiaris ) distinguish between human true (TB) and false beliefs (FB). In three experiments with a pre-registered change of location task, dogs ( n = 260) could retrieve food from one of two opaque buckets after witnessing a misleading suggestion by a human informant (the ‘communicator’) who held either a TB or a FB about the location of food. Dogs in both the TB and FB group witnessed the initial hiding of food, its subsequent displacement by a second experimenter, and finally, the misleading suggestion to the empty bucket by the communicator. On average, dogs chose the suggested container significantly more often in the FB group than in the TB group and hence were sensitive to the experimental manipulation. Terriers were the only group of breeds that behaved like human infants and apes tested in previous studies with a similar paradigm, by following the communicator's suggestion more often in the TB than in the FB group. We discuss the results in terms of processing of goals and beliefs. Overall, we provide evidence that pet dogs distinguish between TB and FB scenarios, suggesting that the mechanisms underlying sensitivity to others' beliefs have not evolved uniquely in the primate lineage.

Lectin-Induced RBC Agglutination: Chemical vs. Cryofixation

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 664-665
Author(s):  
Dean A. Handley ◽  
Lanping A. Sung ◽  
Shu Chien
Keyword(s):  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Electrostatic Charge ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Minimal Cell ◽  
Membrane Stiffness ◽  
Cell Contour

RBC agglutination by lectins represents an interactive balance between the attractive (bridging) force due to lectin binding on cell surfaces and disaggregating forces, such as membrane stiffness and electrostatic charge repulsion (1). During agglutination, critical geometric parameters of cell contour and intercellular distance reflect the magnitude of these interactive forces and the size of the bridging macromolecule (2). Valid ultrastructural measurements of these geometric parameters from agglutinated RBC's require preservation with minimal cell distortion. As chemical fixation may adversely influence RBC geometric properties (3), we used chemical fixation and cryofixation (rapid freezing followed by freeze-substitution) as a comparative approach to examine these parameters from RBC agglutinated with Ulex I lectin.

Functional characterization of human brown adipose tissue metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (7) ◽  
pp. 1261-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Anne Richard ◽  
Hannah Pallubinsky ◽  
Denis P. Blondin
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
And Function

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has long been described according to its histological features as a multilocular, lipid-containing tissue, light brown in color, that is also responsive to the cold and found especially in hibernating mammals and human infants. Its presence in both hibernators and human infants, combined with its function as a heat-generating organ, raised many questions about its role in humans. Early characterizations of the tissue in humans focused on its progressive atrophy with age and its apparent importance for cold-exposed workers. However, the use of positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose tracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) made it possible to begin characterizing the possible function of BAT in adult humans, and whether it could play a role in the prevention or treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review focuses on the in vivo functional characterization of human BAT, the methodological approaches applied to examine these features and addresses critical gaps that remain in moving the field forward. Specifically, we describe the anatomical and biomolecular features of human BAT, the modalities and applications of non-invasive tools such as PET and magnetic resonance imaging coupled with spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) to study BAT morphology and function in vivo, and finally describe the functional characteristics of human BAT that have only been possible through the development and application of such tools.

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