Mechanical characterization of juvenile European aspen (Populus tremula) and hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides) using full-field strain measurements

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingela Bjurhager ◽  
Lars A. Berglund ◽  
Stig L. Bardage ◽  
Björn Sundberg
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Populus Tremula ◽  
Field Strain ◽  
Hybrid Aspen ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Strain Measurements ◽  
European Aspen

Impacts of elevated ozone and nitrogen on growth and photosynthesis of European aspen (Populus tremula) and hybrid aspen (P. tremula × Populus tremuloides) clones

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2326-2336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Häikiö ◽  
Vera Freiwald ◽  
Tarja Silfver ◽  
Egbert Beuker ◽  
Toini Holopainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Populus Tremula ◽  
Hybrid Aspen ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Exposure System ◽  
European Aspen ◽  
Nitrogen Amendment

Impacts of elevated tropospheric ozone and soil nitrogen amendment on two native European aspen ( Populus tremula L.) and eight hybrid aspen (P. tremula L. × Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones were studied in a free-air ozone exposure system. Potted saplings were exposed to ambient (ca. 20 ppb) or 1.5× ambient ozone and two levels of soil nitrogen (39 and 78 kg N·ha–1·year–1 in the first year, 60 and 140 kg N·ha–1·year–1 in the second year for low-nitrogen and high-nitrogen treatments, respectively) over two growing seasons. The plants were measured for photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and biomass accumulation. Ozone decreased leaf-level net photosynthesis (Asat) in particular early in the growing season and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) at the end of the growing season. Nitrogen amendment increased the growth of all plant parts and mitigated the adverse ozone effects. There were significant differences in ozone responses among the clones, and we were able to cluster the clones into sensitivity groups based on their growth responses. The most ozone-tolerant genotypes were hybrid aspen clones, indicating that populations that have already experienced selection for ozone-tolerant genotypes should be used to cross-breed with ozone-sensitive populations to achieve tolerance of a climate with increasing tropospheric ozone concentrations.

scholarly journals Aspen micropropagation: use for phytoremediation of soils

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Malá ◽  
P. Máchová ◽  
H. Cvrčková ◽  
L. Čížková
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Populus Tremula ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Hybrid Aspen ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
European Aspen

Toxic pollution of soils is a major environmental problem in the Czech Republic. Most contemporary remediation approaches do not provide acceptable solutions. For environmental clean-up, the use of specially selected and engineered plants capable of effective restoration and stabilization of contaminated sites is an emerging technology called phytoremediation. Aspen (Populus spp.) trees represent optimal plants for absorption, accumulation, storage, and degradation of environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticide residues, and other waste products. The first aim of this study was to verify possibilities of micropropagating selected elite European aspen (Populus tremula) and hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides) mature trees growing in polluted areas. The primary cultures were established from 24 years old trees from provenance plots. Dormant buds were sampled from selected trees in spring. After sterilization of dormant buds, the shoot tips were extirpated and put on nutrient media. MS medium with a higher concentration of BAP (1.0 mg/l) and IBA (0.1 mg/l) showed to be suitable for induction of organogenesis. MS medium with lower concentration of BAP (0.2 mg/l) and higher concentration of glutamine (100 mg/l) in agar medium was used for multiplication. A high number of adventitious shoots (20–30) was produced per multi-apex culture. The losses during rooting and acclimatization were minimal, around 2%. Currently, the plantlets grow on the outside bed of the experimental nursery. Twenty-five clones were established in the gene bank. Secondly, standardization of the efficient transformation of hybrid aspen was investigated with the aim to facilitate production of transformed hybrid aspen with valuable genes for increased capability of phytoremediation in the near future. Four gene constructs of Agrobacterium tumefaciens comprising different promoters (bearing two genes, NPTII coding resistance to kanamycin, and GUS coding glucuronidase synthesis allowing histochemical and fluorometrical identification) were used for transformations of aspen hybrid stem segments. A promoter suitable for transformations was selected on the basis of GUS activity assay. The highest activity was estimated in transformants with construct 148 controlled by promoter CAMV 35S.

Full-field strain measurements at the micro-scale in fiber-reinforced composites using digital image correlation

2016 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 192-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahoor Mehdikhani ◽  
Mohammadali Aravand ◽  
Baris Sabuncuoglu ◽  
Michaël G. Callens ◽  
Stepan V. Lomov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image Correlation ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Field Strain ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Strain Measurements ◽  
Micro Scale
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