Polyphagous caterpillars of Spodoptera litura switch from a trap crop to the main crop, improve fitness, and shorten generation time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirsha Mitra ◽  
D. M. Firake ◽  
K. P. Umesh ◽  
Prashasti P. Pandey ◽  
Sagar Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Generation Time ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Main Crop

scholarly journals Implementation of Brassica spp. as Trap Crops and as Beneficial Insectaries for Caterpillar Management in Cabbage Ecosystems

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 827E-827
Author(s):  
Joseph DeFrank ◽  
G.C. Luther ◽  
H. Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
White Rust ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Brassica Spp ◽  
Mustard Crop ◽  
Head Cabbage

Experiments conducted over 3 years have determined the potential of utilizing Indian mustard and `Tastie' head cabbage multi-species borders as trap crops for management of caterpillar pests of head cabbage in Hawaii. `Scorpio', a cultivar that showed less feeding damage than `Tastie', was used as the main crop. The studies point toward the use of isolated patches of multi-species attractant crops separated from the main crop by a buffer of non-host crops such as sweet corn. A sweet corn buffer was effective in preventing insect movement between plots. Initial studies showed the high susceptibility of Indian mustard to white rust (Albugo candida), to be a constraint to its use as a trap crop. Follow-up studies found that `Excel' and `Parkland' mustards may be adequate substitutes for mustard crop due to their attraction of caterpillars and their tolerance to white rust. Gradient experiments conducted on 60 × 30-m plots indicate that the trap crop may be effective for a distance of 25 to 30 m in terms of attraction of caterpillars and dispersal of beneficials into the main crop. A record was also made of growth, flowering patterns, and of beneficials hosted by 12 different Brassica cultivars during the winter and spring growing seasons.

scholarly journals Living on the Edge: Using and Improving Trap Crops for Flea Beetle Management in Small-Scale Cropping Systems

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
David George ◽  
Gordon Port ◽  
Rosemary Collier
Keyword(s):  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Turnip Rape ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Beetle Damage ◽  
Companion Plants

The use of trap crops to manage pest insects offers an attractive alternative to synthetic pesticides. Trap crops may work particularly well at smaller production scales, being highly amenable where crop diversification and reduction of synthetic inputs are prioritised over yield alone. This paper describes a series of experiments. The first was to demonstrate the potential of turnip rape (Brassica rapa L., var. Pasja) as a trap crop to arrest flea beetles (Phyllotreta spp.) to protect a main crop of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L., var. Lateman). The subsequent experiments explored two possible approaches to improve the function of the trap crop—either by separating trap and main crop plants spatially, or by introducing companion plants of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cv Amateur) into the main crop. In caged field experiments, feeding damage by flea beetles to crop border plantings of turnip rape far exceeded damage to cauliflower plants placed in the same position, indicating a “trap crop effect”. Neither turnip rape plants nor cauliflower as a border significantly reduced flea beetle damage to main crop cauliflower plants, although the numbers of feeding holes in these plants were lowest where a turnip rape border was used. In similar cages, leaving gaps of 3–6 m of bare soil between turnip rape and cauliflower plants significantly reduced feeding damage to the latter, as compared to when plants were adjacent. The results of a small-scale open field trial showed that a turnip rape trap crop alone reduced flea beetle damage to cauliflower, significantly so later in the season at higher pest pressures, but that addition of tomato companion plants did not improve pest control potential.

COMBINATION OF INSECTICIDE APPLICATIONS WITH TRAP CROPS OF EARLY MATURING SOYBEAN AND SOUTHERN PEAS FOR POPULATION MANAGEMENT OF NEZARA VIRIDULA IN SOYBEAN1,2 (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE)

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Todd ◽  
F. W. Schumann
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Population Management ◽  
Nezara Viridula ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Early Maturing

Early maturing soybean, Glycine max, cultivars and southern peas, Vigna unguiculata, were used as trap crops in large scale field tests for Nezara viridula population management in soybean. In a 1979 test, the ‘Dare’ trap crop reached R5 (podfill) ca. 2 weeks prior to ‘Bragg’, and was infested with a much larger stink bug population. Southern peas and ‘Coker 156’ soybean were used in four field tests in 1981, and results indicated that insecticide treatments applied to the trap crop when the main crop ‘Bragg’ was in R3-R4 (podset) stage were applied too late, thereby allowing stink bug populations in each field to develop to high population levels. These results indicate that chemical controls should be applied to the trap crop before 5th stage nymphs change to adults with much greater dispersal capability and sexual maturity. Additionally, treatment of the trap crop should occur before the main crop enters the R3-R4 stage of development, since oviposition by female N. viridula is known to be greatly intensified in soybean in that phenological stage.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF HABITAT MODIFICATION ON PADDY VARIETY IR 64 FIELD WITH TRAP CROP APPLICATION USING LEMON GRASS (Andropogon nardus ) AND WITHOUT TRAP CROP APPLICATION TOWARDS THE COMPOTITION, ABUNDANCE, AND DIVERSITY OF ARTHROPODS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Erna Rofidah ◽  
Siti Arofah ◽  
Indah Trisnawati Dwi Tjahjaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Lemon Grass ◽  
Main Crop

<p>The trap crop technique relies on the attraction of insect pests to plantings other than the main crop. Application using of lemon grass for Habitat modification on paddy field can alter species composition and community structure including Arthropods from insect groups. The lemon grass was planted 20 day before main crop (paddy variety IR 64). This study was conducted in Pasuruan, East Java. Samples were taken using sweep net on vegetative paddy phase, generative paddy phase and ripening paddy phase. Sampling periods from Desember 2012 to March 2013. Each sample was sorted and identified to the family and morphospecies or species. Samples are identified in Zoological laboratory on department of biology, ITS. Study on Arthropoda diversity at different habitats by comparing the species richness is useful for determining ecological indicators at each habitat. The arthropods caught were then classified into some classes: pest (herbivore), natural enemy (parasitoid and predator), and other arthropods. After that, the Species Diversity Index was determined using its Shannon-Wiener Index (H’), Evenness (e), and Species Similarity Index (IS). The compotition of arthropods were classes from herbivore, predator, parasitoid and detritivore. The sum of H’ is higher on paddy field with trap crop application than paddy field without trap crop application. Indicate that a stable relationship could be maintained between rice insect pests and their arthropod natural enemies. </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong> : Habitat modification, Trap crop, Arthropods, compotition, abundance, diversity</p>

In Vitro Thrombogenicity Tests of Factor IX Concentrates

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
pp. 1355-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
C V Prowse ◽  
A Chirnside ◽  
R A Elton
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Factor Viii Inhibitor ◽  
Factor Ixa ◽  
Viii Inhibitor

SummaryVarious factor IX concentrates have been examined in a number of in vitro tests of thrombogenicity. The results suggest that some tests are superfluous as in concentrates with activity in any of these tests activation is revealed by a combination of the non-activated partial thromboplastin time, the thrombin (or Xa) generation time and factor VIII inhibitor bypassing activity tests. Assay of individual coagulant enzymes revealed that most concentrates contained more factor IXa than Xa. However only a small number of concentrates, chiefly those that had been purposefully activated, contained appreciable amounts of either enzyme.

Negative cross resistance of Spodoptera litura Fabricius population of tomato to newer molecule spinetoram

ENTOMON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
M. Visnupriya ◽  
N. Muthukrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Field Population ◽  
Resistance Ratio ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
In Vivo Toxicity

Field population of Spodoptera litura from tomato ( resistant to the majority of the conventional insecticide molecules) were subjected to the in vivo toxicity of spinetoram 12 SC to assess whether cross resistance exists or not. Untreated larvae of both field and laboratory strains showed no mortality during 48 hours of feeding. After 48 hours of feeding on spinetoram 12 SC treated leaves, LC50s of field larvae were 0.28, 0.93, 3.71 and 7.11 ppm for the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instars of S. litura respectively. However, in the laboratory strain these values were 1.12, 5.86, 36.72 and 91.55 ppm for 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instars of S. litura respectively. Resistance ratio was 0.25, 0.16, 0.10 and 0.08 for the 2nd instar up to the 5th instar of S. litura.

Peramalan Serangan Hama Tanaman Tembakau (Nicotiana tabaccum) pada Fase Vegetatif di PT. Tarutama Nusantara Jember

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Harlianingtyas ◽  
◽  
Ramadhan Taufika ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Nicotiana Tabaccum

Tembakau adalah produk pertanian semusim yang bukan termasuk dalam komoditas perkebunan. Produk ini dikonsumsi bukan untuk makanan tetapi sebagai pengisi waktu luang yaitu sebagai bahan baku rokok dan cerutu. Tembakau juga dapat dikunyah. Kandungan metabolit sekunder yang kaya juga membuatnya bermanfaat sebagai pestisida dan bahan baku obat. Salah satu tantangan dalam budidaya tembakau adalah adanya organisme pengganggu tanaman. Serangan hama dan penyakit dapat mempengaruhi kualitas maupun kuantitas hasil panen tembakau. Serangan hama dan penyakit yang paling banyak terjadi adalah pada saat fase vegetatif, karena pada vase ini semua bagian tanaman menjadi sasaran makanan bagi organisme pengganggu tanaman. Organisme pengganggu tanaman yang dianggap sebagai hama pada vase vegetattif tanaman tembakau adalah ualt tanah, ulat daun, belalang, kupu, gayas/jangkrik. Kegiatan penelitian ini dilakukan di PT Tarutama Nusantara Jember, data yang digunakan adalah data serangan hama yang terjadi pada seluruh kebun milik TTN dari tahun 2013 hingga 2019. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah mengtahui prediksi serangan hama yang akan terjadi guna mempermudah perusahaan dalam menentukan strategi dan kebijakan guna meningkatkan produksi tembakau khususnya sebagai pelapis cerutu dekblad/wrapper. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk memprediksi serangan hama yang terjadi adalah metode regresi linier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prediksi serangan hama ulat tanah (Agrotis iplison) tahun 2021 sebesar 15,6%, ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura) sebesar 19,08%, serangan hama belalang sebesar 15,77%, dan serangan hama ketep (Setomorpha rutella) sebesar 15,23%, serta serangan hama jangkrik (Gryllidae) pada tahun 2021 adalah sebesar 8,20%.

A Trap Crop + Insecticide Approach for Cucumber Beetle Management

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark L. Gleason ◽  
Sara Jane Helland ◽  
Bernard J. Havlovic
Keyword(s):  
Trap Crop ◽  
Cucumber Beetle

Diverse sources of resistance to Spodoptera litura (F.) in groundnut

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (01S) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Saleem ◽  
G. K. Naidu ◽  
H. L. Nadaf ◽  
P. S. Tippannavar
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Botanical Variety ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Botanical Varieties

Spodoptera litura an important insect pest of groundnut causes yield loss up to 71% in India. Though many effective chemicals are available to control Spodoptera, host plant resistance is the most desirable, economic and eco-friendly strategy. In the present study, groundnut mini core (184), recombinant inbred lines (318) and elite genotypes (44) were studied for their reaction to Spodoptera litura under hot spot location at Dharwad. Heritable component of variation existed for resistance to Spodoptera in groundnut mini core, recombinant inbred lines and elite genotypes indicating scope for selection of Spodoptera resistant genotypes. Only 29 (15%) genotypes belonging to hypogaea, fastigiata and hirsuta botanical varieties under mini core set, 15 transgressive segregants belonging to fastigiata botanical variety among 318 recombinant inbred lines and three genotypes belonging to hypogaea and fastigiata botanical varieties under elite genotypes showed resistance to Spodoptera litura with less than 10% leaf damage. Negative correlation existed between resistance to Spodoptera and days to 50 per cent flowering indicating late maturing nature of resistant genotypes. Eight resistant genotypes (ICG 862, ICG 928, ICG 76, ICG 2777, ICG 5016, ICG 12276, ICG 4412 and ICG 9905) under hypogaea botanical variety also had significantly higher pod yield. These diverse genotypes could serve as potential donors for incorporation of Spodoptera resistance in groundnut.

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