scholarly journals Wave intensity, an index of ventriculo-arterial interaction, increases in hypertensive subjects but decreases in normotensive subjects during the cold pressor test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Midori Tanaka ◽  
Motoaki Sugawara ◽  
Kiyomi Niki ◽  
Yasuo Ogasawara
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Wave Intensity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pressor Test ◽  
Ultrasonic Equipment ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

Abstract Purpose Cardiovascular reactivity to the cold pressor test (CPT) is considered to be a marker for apparent and potential hypertension. We aimed to elucidate the association between the changes in wave intensity (WI) during CPT and hypertension. Methods We recruited 85 volunteers, 33 of whom were hypertensive and 52 normotensive. Using ultrasonic equipment during CPT, we measured carotid arterial WI, which is defined in terms of blood pressure and velocity in the carotid artery. Results The peak WI (W1) increased during CPT in 70.6% of hypertensive individuals, but decreased in 72.6% of normotensive individuals. The chi-square (χ2) test showed that the association between the direction of change in W1 (increase or decrease) and the blood pressure (hypertensive or normotensive) was very strong (P < 0.0001). Conclusion Direction of change in W1 during CPT is a clear marker to discriminate cardiovascular reactivity that does not vary depending on each investigator’s subjective point of view.

Elevated Plasma Adrenaline Reflects Sympathetic Overactivity and Enhanced α-Adrenoceptor-Mediated Vasoconstriction in Essential Hypertension

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 161s-164s ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bolli ◽  
F. W. Amann ◽  
L. Hulthén ◽  
W. Kiowski ◽  
F. R. Bühler
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Pressor Test ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

1. Stressful sympathetic stimulation (cold pressor test) was applied to 18 patients with essential hypertension and 15 normotensive subjects. Intra-arterial blood pressure, heart rate, plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations as well as forearm blood flow were measured before and during the cold pressor test; tests were repeated after regional postsynaptic α1-adrenoceptor blockade with prazosin. 2. Under basal conditions mean blood pressure (P &lt; 0.001), heart rate (P &lt; 0.01), forearm blood flow (P &lt; 0.001) as well as adrenaline concentration (P &lt; 0.01), but not noradrenaline, was higher in patients with essential hypertension. 3. During the cold pressor test, mean blood pressure, heart rate, plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations increased and forearm flow decreased (all P &lt; 0.001). 4. Stress-stimulated plasma adrenaline was higher in essential hypertensive patients than in normotensive subjects (P &lt; 0.01). In the former the stress-induced increase in plasma adrenaline correlated with the increase in mean blood pressure (r = 0.514; P &lt; 0.05). 5. Prazosin increased forearm blood flow more in essential hypertension (P &lt; 0.001). This increase correlated with the resting plasma adrenaline in the hypertensive (r = 0.710; P &lt; 0.001), but not in normotensive, subjects. 6. When the cold pressor test was repeated during postsynaptic α1-adrenoceptor blockade forearm blood flow did not decrease; instead it increased further in both groups (P &lt; 0.05). 7. Thus in essential hypertension elevated plasma adrenaline concentration reflects sympathetic overactivity as also expressed by enhanced α-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction.

scholarly journals Stress-induced cardiovascular responses to cold pressortest in healthy young subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-188
Author(s):  
Valeri Nikolov ◽  
Miroslava Petkova ◽  
Emil Nikolov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Pressor Test ◽  
Young Subjects

Hypertension is one of the leading diseases of the cardiovascular system. It is manifested by changes in arterial stiffness. Cardiovascular reactivity, especially blood pressure (BP), changes during the cold pressor test (CPT) depending on various factors. Undoubtedly, stress is one of the most important factors. The aim of this study is to investigate the various effects of CPT on cardiovascular responses in healthy young subjects. A total of 56 healthy individuals aged between 21 and 26 years were investigated. The cardiovascular responses (BP, heart rate and aortic pulse wave velocity) to CPT were recorded by using the applanation tonometry. The Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were used. 32.14% (n = 18) of the individuals who showed differences in systolic BP more than 22 mm Hg and differences in diastolic BP more than 18 mm Hg after the CPT were defined as hyperreactors. Hyperreactors showed a significantly higher increase in sleep disturbances (p > 0.01) and anxiety when compared to normoreactors. The CPT used to diagnose cardiovascular reactivity in young individuals and the assessment of perceived stress can help identify candidates who are at risk of hypertonic disease in the future.   Keywords: Cold pressor test, cardiovascular reactivity, applanation tonometry, blood pressure, stress.

scholarly journals Different LF and HF HRV responses to cold pressor test in normotensive and prehypertensive men

Biologija ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera E. Shekh ◽  
Emeka Idot-Eyin Ofoegbu ◽  
Ebunoluwa Grace Adenuga ◽  
Larisa S. Shchyrova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Pressor Test ◽  
Normotensive Subjects

Hypertension is a global health problem and a risk factor of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular and kidney disease. The cold pressor test (CPT) is commonly used as a sympathoexcitatory manoeuvre. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a useful tool for assessment of autonomic nervous system activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiovascular and HRV responsiveness to CPT in 46 normotensive and 25 prehypertensive (PHT) young man. In ECG was recorded at rest and CPT for 5 min each to evaluate heart rate (HR), total power (TP), low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) power. General linear model was used to test for effect of prehypertension and CPT on HR, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and HRV variables and their responses to cold. The stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to reveal predictors of ∆HR, ∆SBP and ∆DBP. All analyses were conducted using SPSS 22. Blood pressure responsiveness to CPT was not associated with PHT; instead, it was associated with BMI. The ∆HR, ∆SBP, and ∆DBP were not significantly different between normotensive and prehypertensive subjects. However, ∆LnTP, ∆LnLF, and ∆LnHF were significantly higher in normotensives than in prehypertensives: LnTP, LnLF, and LnHF increased in normotensive subjects while these indices decreased in prehypertensives.

scholarly journals Stress-induced cardiovascular responses to cold pressure test in healthy young subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Valeri Nikolov ◽  
Miroslava Petkova ◽  
Emil Nikolov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Pressor Test ◽  
Young Subjects

Hypertension is one of the leading diseases of the cardiovascular system. It is manifested by changes in arterial stiffness. Cardiovascular reactivity, especially blood pressure (BP), changes during the cold pressor test (CPT) depending on various factors. Undoubtedly, stress is one of the most important factors. The aim of the study is to investigate the various effects of CPT on cardiovascular responses in healthy young subjects. 56 healthy individuals aged between 21 and 26 years have been investigated. The Cardiovascular responses (BP, heart rate, aortic pulse wave velocity) to CPT were recorded by using the applanation tonometry. The Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were assessed. 32,14%(n=18) of individuals who had showed difference in systolic BP more than 22 mm of Hg and difference in diastolic BP more than 18 mm of Hg after the CPT were defined as hyperreactors. Hyperreactors showed a significantly higher increase in sleep disturbances (P > 0.01) and anxiety when compared to the normoreaktors. The CPT used to diagnose cardiovascular reactivity in young individuals and the assessment of perceived stress can help identify candidates for a future risk of hypertonic disease.   Keywords: Cold pressor test; cardiovascular reactivity; applanation tonometry; blood pressure; stress

Variability of the haemodynamic responses to laboratory tests employed in assessment of neural cardiovascular regulation in man

1985 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Parati ◽  
Guido Pomidossi ◽  
Agustin Ramirez ◽  
Bruno Cesana ◽  
Giuseppe Mancia
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Cardiovascular Regulation ◽  
Pressor Test ◽  
Carotid Baroreceptor ◽  
Baroreceptor Stimulation

1. In man evaluation of neural cardiovascular regulation makes use of a variety of tests which address the excitatory and reflex inhibitory neural influences that control circulation. Because interpretation of these tests is largely based on the magnitude of the elicited haemodynamic responses, their reproducibility in any given subject is critical. 2. In 39 subjects with continuous blood pressure (intra-arterial catheter) and heart rate monitoring we measured (i) the blood pressure and heart rate rises during hand-grip and cold-pressor test, (ii) the heart rate changes occurring during baroreceptor stimulation and deactivation by injection of phenylephrine and trinitroglycerine, and (iii) the heart rate and blood pressure changes occurring with alteration in carotid baroreceptor activity by a neck chamber. Each test was carefully standardized and performed at 30 min intervals for a total of six times in each subject. 3. The results showed that the responses to any test were clearly different from one another and that this occurred in all subjects studied. For the group as a whole the average response variability (coefficient of variation) ranged from 10.2% for the blood pressure response to carotid baroreceptor stimulation to 44.2% for the heart rate response to cold-pressor test. The variability of the responses was not related to basal blood pressure or heart rate, nor to the temporal sequence of the test performance. 4. Thus tests employed for studying neural cardiovascular control in man produce responses whose reproducibility is limited. This phenomenon may make it more difficult to define the response magnitude typical of each subject, as well as its comparison in different conditions and diseases.

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