EMG-Informed Musculoskeletal Modeling to Estimate Realistic Knee Anterior Shear Force During Drop Vertical Jump in Female Athletes

Background: Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in adolescent female athletes is an increasing problem. The knee-ankle separation ratio (KASR), calculated at initial contact (IC) and peak flexion (PF) during the drop vertical jump (DVJ), is a measure of dynamic knee valgus. The Microsoft Kinect V2 has shown promise as a reliable and valid marker-less motion capture device. Hypothesis: The Kinect V2 will demonstrate good to excellent correlation between KASR results at IC and PF during the DVJ, as compared with a “gold standard” Vicon motion analysis system. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: Thirty-eight healthy volunteer subjects (20 male, 18 female) performed 5 DVJ trials, simultaneously measured by a Vicon MX-T40S system, 2 AMTI force platforms, and a Kinect V2 with customized software. A total of 190 jumps were completed. The KASR was calculated at IC and PF during the DVJ. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) assessed the degree of KASR agreement between the Kinect and Vicon systems. Results: The ICCs of the Kinect V2 and Vicon KASR at IC and PF were 0.84 and 0.95, respectively, showing excellent agreement between the 2 measures. The Kinect V2 successfully identified the KASR at PF and IC frames in 182 of 190 trials, demonstrating 95.8% reliability. Conclusion: The Kinect V2 demonstrated excellent ICC of the KASR at IC and PF during the DVJ when compared with the Vicon system. A customized Kinect V2 software program demonstrated good reliability in identifying the KASR at IC and PF during the DVJ. Clinical Relevance: Reliable, valid, inexpensive, and efficient screening tools may improve the accessibility of motion analysis assessment of adolescent female athletes.

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The association of dorsiflexion flexibility on knee kinematics and kinetics during a drop vertical jump in healthy female athletes

Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy ◽

10.1007/s00167-014-3222-z ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (12) ◽

pp. 3550-3555 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Philip Malloy ◽

Alexander Morgan ◽

Carolyn Meinerz ◽

Christopher Geiser ◽

Kristof Kipp

Keyword(s):

Female Athletes ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Knee Kinematics ◽

Healthy Female ◽

Kinematics And Kinetics ◽

Drop Vertical Jump

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Cognitive Demands Influence Lower Extremity Mechanics During a Drop Vertical Jump Task in Female Athletes

Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy ◽

10.2519/jospt.2018.7739 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (5) ◽

pp. 381-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Thomas Gus Almonroeder ◽

Thomas Kernozek ◽

Stephen Cobb ◽

Brooke Slavens ◽

Jinsung Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Cognitive Demands ◽

Drop Vertical Jump

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Knee abduction moment is predicted by lower gluteus medius force and larger vertical and lateral ground reaction forces during drop vertical jump in female athletes

Journal of Biomechanics ◽

10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109669 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 103 ◽

pp. 109669 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ryo Ueno ◽

Alessandro Navacchia ◽

Christopher A. DiCesare ◽

Kevin R. Ford ◽

Gregory D. Myer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Female Athletes ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Gluteus Medius ◽

Ground Reaction Forces ◽

Knee Abduction ◽

Reaction Forces ◽

Drop Vertical Jump

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Prediction of Kinematic and Kinetic Performance in a Drop Vertical Jump with Individual Anthropometric Factors in Adolescent Female Athletes: Implications for Cadaveric Investigations

Annals of Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.1007/s10439-014-1136-z ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 929-936 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nathaniel A. Bates ◽

Gregory D. Myer ◽

Timothy E. Hewett

Keyword(s):

Female Athletes ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Adolescent Female ◽

Drop Vertical Jump

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Hamstrings Contraction Regulates the Magnitude and Timing of the Peak ACL Loading During the Drop Vertical Jump in Female Athletes

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/23259671211034487 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 232596712110344

Author(s):

Ryo Ueno ◽

Alessandro Navacchia ◽

Nathan D. Schilaty ◽

Gregory D. Myer ◽

Timothy E. Hewett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Training ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Initial Contact ◽

Fe Model ◽

N Addition ◽

Muscle Forces ◽

Drop Vertical Jump

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury reduction training has focused on lower body strengthening and landing stabilization. In vitro studies have shown that quadriceps forces increase ACL strain, and hamstring forces decrease ACL strain. However, the magnitude of the effect of the quadriceps and hamstrings forces on ACL loading and its timing during in vivo landings remains unclear. Purpose: To investigate the effect and timing of knee muscle forces on ACL loading during landing. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A total of 13 young female athletes performed drop vertical jump trials, and their movements were recorded with 3-dimensional motion capture. Lower limb joint motion and muscle forces were estimated with OpenSim and applied to a musculoskeletal finite element (FE) model to estimate ACL loading during landings. The FE simulations were performed with 5 different conditions that included/excluded kinematics, ground-reaction force (GRF), and muscle forces. Results: Simulation of landing kinematics without GRF or muscle forces yielded an estimated median ACL strain and force of 5.1% and 282.6 N. Addition of GRF to kinematic simulations increased ACL strain and force to 6.8% and 418.4 N ( P < .05). Addition of quadriceps force to kinematics + GRF simulations nonsignificantly increased ACL strain and force to 7.2% and 478.5 N. Addition of hamstrings force to kinematics + GRF simulations decreased ACL strain and force to 2.6% and 171.4 N ( P < .001). Addition of all muscles to kinematics + GRF simulations decreased ACL strain and force to 3.3% and 195.1 N ( P < .001). With hamstrings force, ACL loading decreased from initial contact (time of peak: 1-18 milliseconds) while ACL loading without hamstrings force peaked at 47 to 98 milliseconds after initial contact ( P = .024-.001). The knee flexion angle increased from 20.9° to 73.1° within 100 milliseconds after initial contact. Conclusion: Hamstrings activation had greater effect relative to GRF and quadriceps activation on ACL loading, which significantly decreased and regulated the magnitude and timing of ACL loading during in vivo landings. Clinical Relevance: Clinical training should focus on strategies that influence increased hamstrings activation during landing to reduce ACL loads.

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Anterior Cruciate Ligament Loading Increases With Pivot-Shift Mechanism During Asymmetrical Drop Vertical Jump in Female Athletes

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967121989095 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 232596712198909

Author(s):

Ryo Ueno ◽

Alessandro Navacchia ◽

Nathan D. Schilaty ◽

Gregory D. Myer ◽

Timothy E. Hewett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Female Athletes ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Frontal Plane ◽

Element Model ◽

Anterior Tibial Translation ◽

Tibial Rotation ◽

Knee Abduction ◽

Tibial Translation ◽

Drop Vertical Jump

Background: Frontal plane trunk lean with a side-to-side difference in lower extremity kinematics during landing increases unilateral knee abduction moment and consequently anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk. However, the biomechanical features of landing with higher ACL loading are still unknown. Validated musculoskeletal modeling offers the potential to quantify ACL strain and force during a landing task. Purpose: To investigate ACL loading during a landing and assess the association between ACL loading and biomechanical factors of individual landing strategies. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Thirteen young female athletes performed drop vertical jump trials, and their movements were recorded with 3-dimensional motion capture. Electromyography-informed optimization was performed to estimate lower limb muscle forces with an OpenSim musculoskeletal model. A whole-body musculoskeletal finite element model was developed. The joint motion and muscle forces obtained from the OpenSim simulations were applied to the musculoskeletal finite element model to estimate ACL loading during participants’ simulated landings with physiologic knee mechanics. Kinematic, muscle force, and ground-reaction force waveforms associated with high ACL strain trials were reconstructed via principal component analysis and logistic regression analysis, which were used to predict trials with high ACL strain. Results: The median (interquartile range) values of peak ACL strain and force during the drop vertical jump were 3.3% (–1.9% to 5.1%) and 195.1 N (53.9 to 336.9 N), respectively. Four principal components significantly predicted high ACL strain trials, with 100% sensitivity, 78% specificity, and an area of 0.91 under the receiver operating characteristic curve ( P < .001). High ACL strain trials were associated with (1) knee motions that included larger knee abduction, internal tibial rotation, and anterior tibial translation and (2) motion that included greater vertical and lateral ground-reaction forces, lower gluteus medius force, larger lateral pelvic tilt, and increased hip adduction. Conclusion: ACL loads were higher with a pivot-shift mechanism during a simulated landing with asymmetry in the frontal plane. Specifically, knee abduction can create compression on the posterior slope of the lateral tibial plateau, which induces anterior tibial translation and internal tibial rotation. Clinical Relevance: Athletes are encouraged to perform interventional and preventive training to improve symmetry during landing.

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