Development and Validation of a Portable and Inexpensive Tool to Measure the Drop Vertical Jump Using the Microsoft Kinect V2

Background: Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in adolescent female athletes is an increasing problem. The knee-ankle separation ratio (KASR), calculated at initial contact (IC) and peak flexion (PF) during the drop vertical jump (DVJ), is a measure of dynamic knee valgus. The Microsoft Kinect V2 has shown promise as a reliable and valid marker-less motion capture device. Hypothesis: The Kinect V2 will demonstrate good to excellent correlation between KASR results at IC and PF during the DVJ, as compared with a “gold standard” Vicon motion analysis system. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: Thirty-eight healthy volunteer subjects (20 male, 18 female) performed 5 DVJ trials, simultaneously measured by a Vicon MX-T40S system, 2 AMTI force platforms, and a Kinect V2 with customized software. A total of 190 jumps were completed. The KASR was calculated at IC and PF during the DVJ. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) assessed the degree of KASR agreement between the Kinect and Vicon systems. Results: The ICCs of the Kinect V2 and Vicon KASR at IC and PF were 0.84 and 0.95, respectively, showing excellent agreement between the 2 measures. The Kinect V2 successfully identified the KASR at PF and IC frames in 182 of 190 trials, demonstrating 95.8% reliability. Conclusion: The Kinect V2 demonstrated excellent ICC of the KASR at IC and PF during the DVJ when compared with the Vicon system. A customized Kinect V2 software program demonstrated good reliability in identifying the KASR at IC and PF during the DVJ. Clinical Relevance: Reliable, valid, inexpensive, and efficient screening tools may improve the accessibility of motion analysis assessment of adolescent female athletes.

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Prediction of Kinematic and Kinetic Performance in a Drop Vertical Jump with Individual Anthropometric Factors in Adolescent Female Athletes: Implications for Cadaveric Investigations

Annals of Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.1007/s10439-014-1136-z ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 929-936 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nathaniel A. Bates ◽

Gregory D. Myer ◽

Timothy E. Hewett

Keyword(s):

Female Athletes ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Adolescent Female ◽

Drop Vertical Jump

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Hamstrings Contraction Regulates the Magnitude and Timing of the Peak ACL Loading During the Drop Vertical Jump in Female Athletes

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/23259671211034487 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 232596712110344

Author(s):

Ryo Ueno ◽

Alessandro Navacchia ◽

Nathan D. Schilaty ◽

Gregory D. Myer ◽

Timothy E. Hewett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Training ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Initial Contact ◽

Fe Model ◽

N Addition ◽

Muscle Forces ◽

Drop Vertical Jump

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury reduction training has focused on lower body strengthening and landing stabilization. In vitro studies have shown that quadriceps forces increase ACL strain, and hamstring forces decrease ACL strain. However, the magnitude of the effect of the quadriceps and hamstrings forces on ACL loading and its timing during in vivo landings remains unclear. Purpose: To investigate the effect and timing of knee muscle forces on ACL loading during landing. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A total of 13 young female athletes performed drop vertical jump trials, and their movements were recorded with 3-dimensional motion capture. Lower limb joint motion and muscle forces were estimated with OpenSim and applied to a musculoskeletal finite element (FE) model to estimate ACL loading during landings. The FE simulations were performed with 5 different conditions that included/excluded kinematics, ground-reaction force (GRF), and muscle forces. Results: Simulation of landing kinematics without GRF or muscle forces yielded an estimated median ACL strain and force of 5.1% and 282.6 N. Addition of GRF to kinematic simulations increased ACL strain and force to 6.8% and 418.4 N ( P < .05). Addition of quadriceps force to kinematics + GRF simulations nonsignificantly increased ACL strain and force to 7.2% and 478.5 N. Addition of hamstrings force to kinematics + GRF simulations decreased ACL strain and force to 2.6% and 171.4 N ( P < .001). Addition of all muscles to kinematics + GRF simulations decreased ACL strain and force to 3.3% and 195.1 N ( P < .001). With hamstrings force, ACL loading decreased from initial contact (time of peak: 1-18 milliseconds) while ACL loading without hamstrings force peaked at 47 to 98 milliseconds after initial contact ( P = .024-.001). The knee flexion angle increased from 20.9° to 73.1° within 100 milliseconds after initial contact. Conclusion: Hamstrings activation had greater effect relative to GRF and quadriceps activation on ACL loading, which significantly decreased and regulated the magnitude and timing of ACL loading during in vivo landings. Clinical Relevance: Clinical training should focus on strategies that influence increased hamstrings activation during landing to reduce ACL loads.

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Relationship Between 2-Dimensional Frontal Plane Measures and the Knee Abduction Angle During the Drop Vertical Jump

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.2018-0017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Brad W. Willis ◽

Katie Hocker ◽

Swithin Razu ◽

Aaron D. Gray ◽

Marjorie Skubic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motion Capture ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Frontal Plane ◽

Ligament Injury ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Abduction Angle ◽

Initial Contact ◽

Knee Abduction ◽

The Relationship ◽

Drop Vertical Jump

Context: Knee abduction angle (KAA), as measured by 3-dimensional marker-based motion capture systems during jump-landing tasks, has been correlated with an elevated risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury in females. Due to the high cost and inefficiency of KAA measurement with marker-based motion capture, surrogate 2-dimensional frontal plane measures have gained attention for injury risk screening. The knee-to-ankle separation ratio (KASR) and medial knee position (MKP) have been suggested as potential frontal plane surrogate measures to the KAA, but investigations into their relationship to the KAA during a bilateral drop vertical jump task are limited. Objective: To investigate the relationship between KASR and MKP to the KAA during initial contact of the bilateral drop vertical jump. Design: Descriptive. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory. Participants: A total of 18 healthy female participants (mean age: 24.1 [3.88] y, mass: 65.18 [10.34] kg, and height: 1.63 [0.06] m). Intervention: Participants completed 5 successful drop vertical jump trials measured by a Vicon marker-based motion capture system and 2 AMTI force plates. Main Outcome Measure: For each jump, KAA of the tibia relative to the femur was measured at initial contact along with the KASR and MKP calculated from planar joint center data. The coefficient of determination (r2) was used to examine the relationship between the KASR and MKP to KAA. Results: A strong linear relationship was observed between MKP and KAA (r2 = .71), as well as between KASR and KAA (r2 = .72). Conclusions: Two-dimensional frontal plane measures show strong relationships to the KAA during the bilateral drop vertical jump.

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Lower limb alignment in young female athletes is associated with knee joint moments during the drop vertical jump

Archives of Sports Medicine and Physiotherapy ◽

10.17352/asmp.000008 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 001-005

Author(s):

Riad Jacques

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Young Female ◽

Limb Alignment ◽

Joint Moments ◽

Lower Limb Alignment ◽

Drop Vertical Jump

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EMG-Informed Musculoskeletal Modeling to Estimate Realistic Knee Anterior Shear Force During Drop Vertical Jump in Female Athletes

Annals of Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.1007/s10439-019-02318-w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (12) ◽

pp. 2416-2430 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alessandro Navacchia ◽

Ryo Ueno ◽

Kevin R. Ford ◽

Christopher A. DiCesare ◽

Gregory D. Myer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shear Force ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Musculoskeletal Modeling ◽

Drop Vertical Jump

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Comparison of 3D Joint Angles Measured With the Kinect 2.0 Skeletal Tracker Versus a Marker-Based Motion Capture System

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.2016-0107 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 176-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Trent M. Guess ◽

Swithin Razu ◽

Amirhossein Jahandar ◽

Marjorie Skubic ◽

Zhiyu Huo

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Human Motion ◽

Microsoft Kinect ◽

Joint Angles ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Hip Abduction ◽

Rms Error ◽

Skeletal Model ◽

Drop Vertical Jump

The Microsoft Kinect is becoming a widely used tool for inexpensive, portable measurement of human motion, with the potential to support clinical assessments of performance and function. In this study, the relative osteokinematic Cardan joint angles of the hip and knee were calculated using the Kinect 2.0 skeletal tracker. The pelvis segments of the default skeletal model were reoriented and 3-dimensional joint angles were compared with a marker-based system during a drop vertical jump and a hip abduction motion. Good agreement between the Kinect and marker-based system were found for knee (correlation coefficient = 0.96, cycle RMS error = 11°, peak flexion difference = 3°) and hip (correlation coefficient = 0.97, cycle RMS = 12°, peak flexion difference = 12°) flexion during the landing phase of the drop vertical jump and for hip abduction/adduction (correlation coefficient = 0.99, cycle RMS error = 7°, peak flexion difference = 8°) during isolated hip motion. Nonsagittal hip and knee angles did not correlate well for the drop vertical jump. When limited to activities in the optimal capture volume and with simple modifications to the skeletal model, the Kinect 2.0 skeletal tracker can provide limited 3-dimensional kinematic information of the lower limbs that may be useful for functional movement assessment.

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Concurrent Validity and Reliability of My Jump 2 App for Measuring Vertical Jump Height in Recreationally Active Adults

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10113805 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 3805 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Špela Bogataj ◽

Maja Pajek ◽

Slobodan Andrašić ◽

Nebojša Trajković

Keyword(s):

Concurrent Validity ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Jump Height ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Study Results ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Active Adults

This study aimed to examine the reliability, validity, and usefulness of the smartphone-based application, My Jump 2, against Optojump in recreationally active adults. Participants (18 women, 28.9 ± 5.6 years, and 26 men, 30.1 ± 10.6 years) completed squat jumps (SJ), counter-movement jumps (CMJ), and CMJ with arm swing (CMJAS) on Optojump and were simultaneously recorded using My Jump 2. To evaluate concurrent validity, jump height, calculated from flight time attained from each device, was compared for each jump type. Test-retest reliability was determined by replicating data analysis of My Jump 2 recordings on two occasions separated by two weeks. High test-retest reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) > 0.93) was observed for all measures in both male and female athletes. Very large correlations were observed between the My Jump 2 app and Optojump for SJ (r = 0.95, p = 0.001), CMJ (r = 0.98, p = 0.001), and CMJAS (r = 0.98, p = 0.001) in male athletes. Similar results were obtained for female recreational athletes for all jumps (r > 0.94, p = 0.001). The study results suggest that My Jump 2 is a valid, reliable, and useful tool for measuring vertical jump in recreationally active adults. Therefore, due to its simplicity and practicality, it can be used by practitioners, coaches, and recreationally-active adults to measure vertical jump performance with a simple test as SJ, CMJ, and CMJAS.

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