Beyond Monogamy: Opportunities to Further Reduce Risk for HIV Infection Among Married Zimbabwean Women with only One Lifetime Partner

Abstract Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains an important public health concern in many countries. It is fuelled by gender inequality and disparity, which has resulted in a fundamental violation of women’s human rights. This study aims to find out the association of intimate partner violence (IPV) and other risk factors with the prevalence of HIV infection among married women in India. Methods This study is based on data from the India National Family Health Survey (2015–16). Bivariate analysis has been performed to estimate the prevalence of HIV. Logistic regression analysis is conducted to find out the association between IPV, factors such as having alcoholic husband and lifetime partner, and HIV infection among currently married women. Results Married women who had faced physical, sexual, and emotional violence from their husbands/partners were almost twice more likely to have tested HIV positive compared to married women who did not face violence [OR: 2.14, CI: 1.08–4.50]. The odds of testing for HIV positive was significantly higher among the married women experiencing IPV and having alcoholic husband [OR: 4.48, CI: 1.87–10.70] than those who did not experience IPV and had non-alcoholic husband. The use of condom did not show any significant association with HIV infection. Again, having more than one lifetime partner had a positive association with HIV infection compared to those with one partner [OR: 2.45, CI: 1.21–4.16]. Conclusions The study revealed that factors such as experiencing all types of IPV, having an alcoholic husband, increased number of lifetime partners, being sexually inactive, belonging to vulnerable social groups, and urban place of residence are important risk factors of HIV infection among married women in India. The results also suggest that gender-based violence and an alcoholic husband may represent a significant factor of HIV infection among married women and interventions should on focus such vulnerable populations.

Download Full-text

Analysis of MDR1 Polymorphisms Among HIV-Infected Individuals on ARV Therapy from Western India

10.21203/rs.3.rs-51053/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

HariOm Singh ◽

Dharmesh Samani ◽

Vijay Chauware ◽

T.N Dhole

Keyword(s):

Treatment Outcome ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

Combined Effect ◽

Western India ◽

Infected People ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Reduce Risk

Abstract Background: MDR1 is involved in the transport of numerous drugs. Polymorphism of MDR1 is linked with the treatment outcome. ARV regimen is being used to manage the progression of HIV infection. Ethnic disparities have been observed in the distribution of MDR1 genotypes. Methods: MDR1 polymorphism (1236 C/T, 3435 C/T) was genotyped in 34 individuals with ARV-associated hepatotoxicity, 131 HIV-infected, and one-fifty-five healthy by utilization of PCR-RFLP. Results: Haplotype TC exposed the greater risk for hepatotoxicity severity when compared between individuals with hepatotoxicity and HIV infected (OR=1.96, P=0.06). While haplotypes TT and CC bared a reduce risk for hepatotoxicity severity (OR= 0.16, P=0.006; OR= 0.46, P=0.06). Haplotype TT and CC displayed a decrease risk of hepatotoxicity severity while compared between individuals with hepatotoxicity and healthy (OR=0.09, P=0.003; OR=0.34, P=0.03). A higher occurrence of MDR1 1236TT genotype was seen among patients with hepatotoxicity who consumed alcohol (28.6% versus 14.8%, OR=1.50). In patients with hepatotoxicity taking nevirapine, there was an increased incidence of MDR1 1236TT genotype in contrast with efavirenz (21.7% versus 9.1%, OR=2.11). In HIV-infected people taking nevirapine, MDR1 1236CT, 1236TT genotypes found to be increased compared with efavirenz (43.7% versus 33.3%, OR=1.66; 12.6% versus 8.3%, OR=1.96). A higher occurrence of MDR1 1236TT genotype has happened in hepatotoxicity cases having both alcohol and nevirapine (40.0% versus 16.67%, OR=2.21). Conclusion: MDR1 haplotypes may have an influence on the severity of hepatotoxicity. Individual utilizing nevirapine and alcohol with MDR1 1236TT and 3435CT genotypes may have combined effect on vulnerability of severity of hepatotoxicity and progression of HIV infection

Download Full-text