Do the Effects of Adolescent Employment Differ by Employment Intensity and Neighborhood Context?

We consider the broad developments that have occurred over the past decade regarding our knowledge of how neighborhood context impacts intimate partner violence (IPV). Research has broadened the concept of “context” beyond structural features such as economic disadvantage, and extended into relationships among residents, collective “action” behaviors among residents, cultural and gender norms. Additionally, scholars have considered how the built environment might foster (or regulate) IPV. We now know more about the direct, indirect, and moderating ways that communities impact IPV. We encourage additional focus on the policy implications of the research findings.

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Do Released Prisoners’ Perceptions of Neighborhood Condition Affect Reentry Outcomes?

Criminal Justice Policy Review ◽

10.1177/0887403420980806 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 088740342098080

Author(s):

Lin Liu ◽

Christy A. Visher ◽

Dayu Sun

Keyword(s):

The United States ◽

Neighborhood Context ◽

Contextual Effect ◽

Neighborhood Disorder ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Research Attention ◽

Neighborhood Cohesion ◽

Individual Level ◽

Profound Influence ◽

Neighborhood Condition

As the United States enters a decarceration era, the factors predicting reentry success have received a rapidly growing body of research attention. Numerous studies expand beyond individual-level attributes to assess the contextual effect of neighborhoods to which released prisoners return. However, past studies predominantly used neighborhood structural/economic characteristics as the proxies of neighborhood context, leaving the roles of community cohesion and disorder understudied in the context of reentry. Using longitudinal data, this study examines the influence of neighborhood cohesion and disorder on reentry outcomes, represented by released prisoners’ determination to desist and social isolation. The results of linear regression analyses show that net of the effects of individual-level risk factors, released prisoners’ perception of neighborhood disorder exhibit profound influence on reentry outcomes. Implications for reentry programming and interventions are presented.

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Neighborhood Context and Juvenile Recidivism: A Spatial Analysis of Organizations and Reoffending Risk

Crime & Delinquency ◽

10.1177/0011128721999336 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 001112872199933

Author(s):

Kendra Thompson-Dyck

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Offenders ◽

Spatial Data ◽

Neighborhood Disadvantage ◽

Neighborhood Context ◽

Survival Models ◽

Juvenile Recidivism ◽

Residential Proximity ◽

Detention Centers ◽

Point Level

Leveraging point-level spatial data from the Phoenix area, we consider the role of nearby organizations as contextual factors that amplify or reduce reoffending risk among juvenile offenders after court completion. Using survival models, we examine whether residential proximity to seven types of organizations impacts risk of recidivism, net of neighborhood disadvantage and offender characteristics. Aggregate neighborhood disadvantage was not associated with reoffending risk and organizational findings were mixed. Low-level offenders with more total organizations nearby had a higher risk of new property offenses, while the risk of drug and violent reoffending nearly doubled for diversion youth residing near police facilities or detention centers. Individual demographics and prior offense histories remained the strongest, most consistent predictors of juvenile recidivism.

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