Surface air pressure–based reconstruction of tropical cyclones affecting Hong Kong since the late nineteenth century

2021 ◽  
Vol 164 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxian Zhang ◽  
Yuyu Ren ◽  
Guoyu Ren ◽  
Yongqiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth

The Bear Yawns? Russian and Soviet Relations with Macao

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Michael Share
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Soviet Communism ◽  
Foreign Ministry ◽  
Over Time

AbstractFrom the late nineteenth century until the hand-over of Macao to Chinese rule about one hundred years later, Russia and the Soviet Union demonstrated discernible, though far from overwhelming, interest in the tiny Portuguese territory of Macao. Their activities and involvement in the enclave served as an interesting contrast and coda to their more extensive dealings with the larger entities of British Hong Kong and even more problematic Taiwan. Both Tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union had definite policies towards both Hong Kong and Taiwan; though policy emphasis altered dramatically over time, especially towards Hong Kong, both regimes sought to expand their trade with, and activities in, those territories. Soviet and Russian policies toward Macao were in some ways less consistent, circumscribed by the relative insignificance of the territory, and also for several decades from the 1920s onward by the implacable long-term hostility of the fascist Portuguese government toward Soviet Communism. Even so, the fact that first Russian and then Soviet foreign policymakers assigned some importance to Macao is amply demonstrated by the Foreign Ministry Archive, which contains nearly thirty files of varying size spanning the period from 1910 to 1987.

A National Custom: Debating Female Servitude in Late Nineteenth-Century Hong Kong

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1463-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN M. CARROLL
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Colonial Policies

AbstractThis article frames the debate about mui-tsai (meizai, female bondservants) in late nineteenth-century Hong Kong within changing conceptions of the colony's political, geographical and cultural position. Whereas some colonial officials saw the mui-tsai system as a national shame that challenged Britain's commitment to ending slavery, others argued that it was an archaic custom that would eventually dissolve as China modernized. The debate also showed the rise of a class of Chinese elites who had accumulated enough power to defend the mui-tsai system as a time-honoured Chinese custom, even while acknowledging that in Hong Kong they lived beyond the boundaries of Chinese sovereignty. Challenging notions of the reach of the colonial state and showing how colonial policies often had unintended consequences, this debate also reveals the analytical and explanatory weakness of concepts such as ‘colonial discourse’ or ‘the colonial mind’.

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