scholarly journals Adolescent Substance Use & Psychopathology: Interactive Effects of Cortisol Reactivity and Emotion Regulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Poon ◽  
Caitlin C. Turpyn ◽  
Amysue Hansen ◽  
Juliana Jacangelo ◽  
Tara M. Chaplin
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Adolescent Substance Use ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Adolescent Substance

Interactions between Genetic, Prenatal, Cortisol, and Parenting Influences on Adolescent Substance Use and Frequency: A TRAILS Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kristine Marceau ◽  
Leslie A. Brick ◽  
Joëlle A. Pasman ◽  
Valerie S. Knopik ◽  
Sijmen A. Reijneveld
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Adolescent Substance Use ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Prenatal Risk ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Parenting Influences ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Dynamic relations between genetic, hormone, and pre- and postnatal environments are theorized as critically important for adolescent substance use but are rarely tested in multifactorial models. This study assessed the impact of interactions of genetic risk and cortisol reactivity with prenatal and parenting influences on both any and frequency of adolescent substance use. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data are from the TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS), a prospective longitudinal, multi-rater study of 2,230 Dutch adolescents. Genetic risk was assessed via 3 substance-specific polygenic scores. Mothers retrospectively reported prenatal risk when adolescents were 11 years old. Adolescents rated their parents’ warmth and hostility at age 11. Salivary cortisol reactivity was measured in response to a social stress task at age 16. Adolescents’ self-reported cigarette, alcohol, and cannabis use frequency at age 16. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A multivariate hurdle regression model showed that polygenic risk for smoking, alcohol, and cannabis predicted any use of each substance, respectively, but predicted more frequent use only for smoking. Blunted cortisol reactivity predicted any use and more frequent use for all 3 outcomes. There were 2 interactions: blunted cortisol reactivity exacerbated the association of polygenic risk with any smoking and the association of prenatal risk with any alcohol use. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Polygenic risk seems of importance for early use but less so for frequency of use, whereas blunted cortisol reactivity was correlated with both. Blunted cortisol reactivity may also catalyze early risks for substance use, though to a limited degree. Gene-environment interactions play no role in the context of this multifactorial model.

scholarly journals Residential Greenspace and Urban Adolescent Substance Use: Exploring Interactive Effects with Peer Network Health, Sex, and Executive Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Mennis ◽  
Xiaojiang Li ◽  
Mahbubur Meenar ◽  
J. Douglas Coatsworth ◽  
Thomas P. McKeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Adolescent Substance Use ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Urban Adolescent ◽  
Peer Network

While urban greenspace is increasingly recognized as important to mental health, its role in substance use is understudied. This exploratory study investigates the interaction of greenspace with peer network health, sex, and executive function (EF) in models of substance use among a sample of disadvantaged, urban youth. Adolescents and their parents were recruited from a hospital in the mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. Residential greenspace at the streetscape level was derived from analysis of Google Street View imagery. Logistic regression models were used to test the moderating effect of greenspace on the association between peer network health and substance use, as well as additional moderating effects of sex and EF. The significant negative association of peer network health with substance use occurred only among youth residing in high greenspace environments, a moderating effect which was stronger among youth with high EF deficit. The moderating effect of greenspace did not differ between girls and boys. Greenspace may play an important role in moderating peer influences on substance use among disadvantaged, urban adolescents, and such moderation may differ according to an individual’s level of EF. This research provides evidence of differences in environmental susceptibility regarding contextual mechanisms of substance use among youth, and it informs the development of targeted substance use interventions that leverage social and environmental influences on adolescent substance use.

scholarly journals The Interactive Effects of Parental Knowledge with Impulsivity and Sensation Seeking in Adolescent Substance Use

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie Rioux ◽  
Natalie Castellanos-Ryan ◽  
Sophie Parent ◽  
Frank Vitaro ◽  
Jean R. Séguin
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Adolescent Substance Use ◽  
Adolescent Substance
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