International Public Preferences and Provision of Public Goods: Assessment of Passive Use Values in Large Oil Spills

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria L. Loureiro ◽  
John B. Loomis
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Public Preferences ◽  
Use Values ◽  
Passive Use Values

scholarly journals News and Social Cost: The Case of Oil Spills and Distant Viewers

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Scott Farrow ◽  
Douglas M. Larson
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Welfare Losses ◽  
Use Values ◽  
Contingent Valuation Methods ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Private Value ◽  
A Current

Although contingent valuation methods are now frequently used to assess the total value of even distant events, benefit-cost analysis could also be informed by observed behavior that links distant events and consumers. It is typically the news media which connect passive consumers to distant events about which they may or may not take action. The information and adaptation costs incurred by the news consumer are privately beneficial, but additionally are shown to be a lower bound to social welfare losses from a socially defined “bad” event under plausible circumstances. The recent Deepwater Horizon well blow-out in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico is a current example which we seek to inform by study of the oil spill from the Valdez, Alaska spill in 1989. We identify an incremental willingness to pay for news about the Exxon Valdez spill above a standard news broadcast and an increased probability of viewing a broadcast related to the spill. We develop and explain how this private value associated with media consumption can be interpreted as a partial measure of social costs for passive viewers who take no further action beyond news viewing and likely represent the majority of affected citizens (though not necessarily the majority of social costs). Though the per-person values of passive users may be modest in magnitude in the present application, some passive use values appear to be measurable, and that it may well be worth pursuing further the search for the faint but observable links between behavior and distant events through the news media.

Stated Preference Approaches for Measuring Passive Use Values: Choice Experiments and Contingent Valuation

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiktor Adamowicz ◽  
Peter Boxall ◽  
Michael Williams ◽  
Jordan Louviere
Keyword(s):  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Choice Experiments ◽  
Use Values ◽  
Passive Use Values

scholarly journals Economic Valuation for Cultural and Passive Ecosystem Services Using a Stated Preference (Contingent Valuation Method (CVM)) Case of the Elgeyo Watershed Ecosystem, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Justus E. Eregae ◽  
Paul Njogu ◽  
Rebecca Karanja ◽  
Moses Gichua
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Use Values ◽  
Ecological Conservation ◽  
Passive Use Values

Valuation of ecosystem services (ESs) can be typical as use values and passive use values. However, the prevailing conventional markets provide economic instruments such as price tags to ecosystem use values, but rarely on passive use values. This is limited since it does not provide comprehensive ecological values that will adequately support rational decision-making processes regarding ecological conservation. The study adopted the contingency valuation method (CVM) where three hundred and eighty households of communities living within the Elgeyo watershed were sampled. The findings recorded 97% of the population was willing to pay for the ESs quoted. Individual maximum WTP ranged between 1 USD and 57.1 USD (cultural), 1 USD and 95.2 USD (bequest), and 1 USD and 76.2 USD (biodiversity conservation). The overall mean maximum WTP was 7.4 ± 0.34 USD, 9.1 ± 0.49 USD, and 11.1 ± 0.68 USD for the cultural, bequest, and biodiversity, respectively. The multivariate regression (maximum WTP as a function of administrative location, education, income, sex, age, and livestock number) exhibited a significant difference regardless of multivariate criteria used, where Wilks’ lambda has F (75,203) = 4.03, p < 0.001 . The findings provide an economic value for nonuse values that can be incorporated in total economic valuation (TEV) studies locally as well as provide an impetus on payment of ecosystem services (PES) in Kenya.

Can nonmarket values be used as indicators of forest sustainability?

1995 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 702-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cornelis van Kooten
Keyword(s):  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Economic Indicator ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Forest Policies ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Forest Sustainability ◽  
Use Values ◽  
Passive Use Values ◽  
Nonmarket Values

A distinction is made between the economic benefits of recent BC forest policies and their income distributional consequences. Changes in employment and tourism are examples of the latter, while economic surpluses accruing to recreationists and citizens as passive-use values are an important form of economic benefits. Recent controversies about the contingent valuation method for detemining passive-use values are reviewed, as are estimates of the values residents attach to the protection of forest amenities in BC. It is argued that constantly updated estimates of annual nonmarket values can be used as an economic indicator of forest sustainability, to be compared against the sustainable rent from logging operations. Key words: Indicators of economic sustainability in forestry; contingent valuation of forest amenities; recreation benefits and tourism

Value assessment of built heritage: a case study of Ferdowsi mausoleum

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dousa Daneshdoust
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Value Assessment ◽  
Historic Sites ◽  
Historic Site ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Use Values ◽  
Mashhad City ◽  
First Time

Purpose – Considering built heritage as public goods demands a lot of planning as usually historic sites and monuments are administrated by governments. The purpose of this paper is to propose and apply contingent valuation method (CVM) for the value assessment of historic sites as public goods. Design/methodology/approach – The aim of this research is to apply CVM to assess the total value as well as sub values, use and non-use values of a historic site. Ferdowsi mausoleum in Tus historic area near Mashhad city in Iran has been chosen as a case study. Findings – The paper indicates that historic sites meet all the criteria for being considered as public goods and obtained high amount of willingness to pay proves the significance of Ferdowsi mausoleum to the people of Mashhad city and its tourists. Non-use values comprise the highest share of value and cultural identity has the highest value among non-use values. Practical implications – It is recommended that CVM be applied in cost-benefit analysis of historic sites. This is useful in the process of prioritization of restoration and maintenance of historic sites and could be used by policy makers in policy crafting processes. Originality/value – CVM has been used for the first time for a mausoleum and for a site in Iran and sub values have been measured for the first time for a historic site.

scholarly journals The effects of use values, amenities and payments for public goods on farmland prices: Evidence from Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bazyli Czyzewski ◽  
Radoslaw Trojanek ◽  
Anna Matuszczak
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Land Values ◽  
Environmental Amenities ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Use Values ◽  
Farmland Prices ◽  
Specific Factors

The article contributes to the debate on how land prices are affected by production values, by farming subsidies and by environmental amenities. The authors carried out a comprehensive review of the literature on the actual determinants of land value and made an attempt to classify different approaches to this matter. Then they performed an empirical case study of the drivers of agricultural land values in a leading agricultural region of Poland. The aim of the study is to establish how the use values of land, amenities and policy payments contribute to land values in the Single Area Payment Scheme (SAPS), which operates in Poland. The study is based on a sample of 653 transactions during the years 2010–2013. A hierarchical regression (ML-IGLS method) was used, where the unobserved heterogeneity is attributed to the location-specific factors at different levels of analysis. Results indicate that the policy payments for public goods decapitalise the value of land, whereas the environmental amenities have a relatively strong influence on farmland prices.

RECOVERING FOR MARINE LIFE DAMAGE: LEGAL ASPECTS OF ALLOCATING SOCIAL COSTS AND PROTECTING PUBLIC INTERESTS

1977 ◽  
Vol 1977 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Robert E. Lutz ◽  
John P. Meck
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Attorney General ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Wildlife Damage ◽  
Use Values ◽  
Adequate Sampling ◽  
Guardian Ad Litem ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
The Right ◽  
Wildlife Refuges

ABSTRACT Determining and evaluating wildlife damage is becoming a necessary procedure in the settlement or adjudication of harm resulting from major oil spills. This is especially so in light of the several present and the many proposed compensation funds which provide for wildlife damage. Once a dollar figure is ascertained, various methods are available in compensating for these damages. In determining damages, two basic problems exist. First is the question of who owns the wildlife or who can assert a claim to ownership of the wildlife. Second, how can the fact and extent of damage to wildlife be assessed. The various theories supporting the right to wildlife damage recovery include: ownership in fee, trusteeship, parens patriae, public interest/private Attorney General, and citizen-guardian ad litem. Ascertaining the fact and extent of damages must be reasonably certain and not speculative. Such certainty can be determined from statistical estimations based on adequate sampling or inventories. Wildlife damage resulting from a major oil spill can amount to many millions of dollars. Arriving at the final figure in most instances necessitates addressing two issues: one, placing a dollar figure on wildlife species having no current market value; two, calculating the damage of the destroyed wildlife in the context of the relevant ecosystem. Methods of evaluating currently non-marketable natural resources and damage to relevant ecosystems include replacement value, psychic value, and consumptive and non-consumptive use values. Means of compensating and settling damage claims can be accomplished by a number of means including the traditional method of direct cash payment. Alternative approaches could include trust funds, specific replacement and restoration programs, maintenance of sanctuaries and reserves, and financing of wildlife refuges and habitats. Compensating for wildlife damage is moving from the strictly unquantifiable approach of civil penalties to an approach which allows for a quantification of damages. This article will discuss many of the issues, as briefly described above, relating to this expanded approach.

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