Out of the frying pan into the fire: an ecological perspective on evolutionary reversal in life history in plethodontid salamanders (Amphibia: Plethodontidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Plethodontid Salamanders

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Thanatosis in the Braconid Parasitoid Wasp Heterospilus prosopidis

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Mio Amemiya ◽  
Kôji Sasakawa
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Antipredator Behavior ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Death Feigning ◽  
Heterospilus Prosopidis ◽  
History Of

Thanatosis, also called death feigning, is often an antipredator behavior. In insects, it has been reported from species of various orders, but knowledge of this behavior in Hymenoptera is insufficient. This study examined the effects of sex, age (0 or 2 days old), temperature (18 or 25 °C), and background color (white, green, or brown) on thanatosis in the braconid parasitoid wasp Heterospilus prosopidis. Thanatosis was more frequent in 0-d-old individuals and in females at 18 °C. The duration of thanatosis was longer in females, but this effect of sex was weaker at 18 °C and in 0-d-old individuals. The background color affected neither the frequency nor duration. These results were compared with reports for other insects and predictions based on the life history of this species, and are discussed from an ecological perspective.

scholarly journals PHYLOGENETIC EVIDENCE FOR A MAJOR REVERSAL OF LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION IN PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS

Evolution ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2809-2822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul T. Chippindale ◽  
Ronald M. Bonett ◽  
Andrew S. Baldwin ◽  
John J. Wiens
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Plethodontid Salamanders ◽  
History Evolution

PHYLOGENETIC EVIDENCE FOR A MAJOR REVERSAL OF LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION IN PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS

Evolution ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul T. Chippindale ◽  
Ronald M. Bonett ◽  
Andrew S. Baldwin ◽  
John J. Wiens
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Plethodontid Salamanders ◽  
History Evolution

Cosmocerca acanthurum n. sp. (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in Pseudoeurycea leprosa and Chiropterotriton orculus from the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Central Mexico, with a checklist of the helminth parasites of plethodontid salamanders

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1434 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. FALCÓN-ORDAZ ◽  
J. C. WINDFIELD-PÉREZ ◽  
B. MENDOZA-GARFIAS ◽  
G. PARRA-OLEA ◽  
G. PÉREZ-PONCE DE LEÓN
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Volcanic Belt ◽  
Helminth Parasite ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Plethodontid Salamanders ◽  
Host Parasite

Plethodontid salamanders represent a group of amphibians that show a great evolutionary diversification in México, however no study of their helminth parasites had been conducted thus far. In this paper, we describe Cosmocerca acanthurum n. sp. (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) from the intestine of the plethodontid salamanders Pseudoeurycea leprosa and Chiropterotriton orculus from Llano Grande and Texcalyacac, Estado de México, in Central México. Cosmocerca acanthurum n. sp. is easily distinguished from all other species of Cosmocerca in that females possess a uniquely spined tail, a character no seen in congeners. In addition, we compiled all the information of helminth parasites of plethodontid salamanders, and we present it in the form of a checklist of both parasite-host, and host-parasite. A brief analysis of the helminth parasite species composition is presented regarding life-history and development characteristics of plethodontids.

scholarly journals A new maximum body size record for the Berry Cave Salamander (Gyrinophilus gulolineatus) and genus Gyrinophilus (Caudata, Plethodontidae) with a comment on body size in plethodontid salamanders

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Nicholas S. Gladstone ◽  
Evin T. Carter ◽  
K. Denise Kendall Niemiller ◽  
Lindsey E. Hayter ◽  
Matthew L. Niemiller
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Large Body ◽  
The United States ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Plethodontid Salamander ◽  
Plethodontid Salamanders ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of

Lungless salamanders in the family Plethodontidae exhibit an impressive array of life history strategies and occur in a diversity of habitats, including caves. However, relationships between life history, habitat, and body size remain largely unresolved. During an ongoing study on the demography and life history of the paedomorphic, cave-obligate Berry Cave Salamander (Gyrinophilusgulolineatus, Brandon 1965), we discovered an exceptionally large individual from the type locality, Berry Cave, Roane County, Tennessee, USA. This salamander measured 145 mm in body length and represents not only the largest G.gulolineatus and Gyrinophilus ever reported, but also the largest plethodontid salamander in the United States. We discuss large body size in G.gulolineatus and compare body size in other large plethodontid salamanders in relation to life history and habitat.

Human Development and Adversity in Ecological Perspective, Part 2: Three Patterns

1996 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 459-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane F. Gilgun
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Emotional Expressiveness ◽  
Social Deficits ◽  
Childhood Adversities ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Risk Processes

This article, part 2 of a study that sought to delineate processes leading to good and poor outcomes among individuals who have experienced childhood adversities, uses a life-history interview method to report on three patterns of development found under conditions of adversity: the model of the wounded well, a social-deficits model, and a social-assets model. Some major developmental processes that distinguished those who turned out well from those who did not turn out well were long-term, close personal relationships with peers and adults who modeled prosocial behaviors and values; emotional expressiveness and responsiveness to others; and feeling part of and at home with something outside themselves. This research demonstrates the importance of increasing protective factors and decreasing risk processes.

Interrelationships of factors of social development are more complex than Life History Theory predicts

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Kotchoubey
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Behavioral Features

Abstract Life History Theory (LHT) predicts a monotonous relationship between affluence and the rate of innovations and strong correlations within a cluster of behavioral features. Although both predictions can be true in specific cases, they are incorrect in general. Therefore, the author's explanations may be right, but they do not prove LHT and cannot be generalized to other apparently similar processes.

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