Nutrient availability affected shallow-lake ecosystem response along the Late-Glacial/Holocene transition

In the shallow lake ecosystems, the recovery of the aquatic macrophytes and the increase in the water transparency have been the main contents of the ecological restoration. Using the shallow lake ecological degradation and restoration model, CNOP method is adopted to discuss the instability and sensitivity of the ecosystem to the finite-amplitude perturbations related to the initial condition and the parameter condition. Results show that the linearly stable clear (turbid) water states can be nonlinearly unstable with the finite-amplitude perturbations, which represent the nature factors and the human activities such as the excessive harvest of the macrophytes and the sediment resuspension caused by artificially dynamic actions on the ecosystems. The results also support the viewpoint of Scheffer et al., whose emphasis is that the facilitation interactions between the submerged macrophytes and the water transparency are the main trigger for an occasional shift from a turbid to a clear state. Also, by the comparison with CNOP-I, CNOP-P, CNOP, and (CNOP-I, CNOP-P), results demonstrate that CNOP, which is not a simple combination of CNOP-I and CNOP-P, could induce the shallow lake ecosystem larger departure from the same ground state rather than CNOP-I, CNOP-P, and (CNOP-I, CNOP-P).

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High net CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> release at a eutrophic shallow lake on a formerly drained fen

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-13-3051-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 3051-3070 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Daniela Franz ◽

Franziska Koebsch ◽

Eric Larmanou ◽

Jürgen Augustin ◽

Torsten Sachs

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Shallow Lake ◽

Typha Latifolia ◽

Open Water ◽

Emergent Vegetation ◽

Lake Ecosystem ◽

Co2 Uptake ◽

Mild Winter ◽

Ch4 Emissions ◽

Northeastern Germany

Abstract. Drained peatlands often act as carbon dioxide (CO2) hotspots. Raising the groundwater table is expected to reduce their CO2 contribution to the atmosphere and revitalise their function as carbon (C) sink in the long term. Without strict water management rewetting often results in partial flooding and the formation of spatially heterogeneous, nutrient-rich shallow lakes. Uncertainties remain as to when the intended effect of rewetting is achieved, as this specific ecosystem type has hardly been investigated in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) exchange. In most cases of rewetting, methane (CH4) emissions increase under anoxic conditions due to a higher water table and in terms of global warming potential (GWP) outperform the shift towards CO2 uptake, at least in the short term.Based on eddy covariance measurements we studied the ecosystem–atmosphere exchange of CH4 and CO2 at a shallow lake situated on a former fen grassland in northeastern Germany. The lake evolved shortly after flooding, 9 years previous to our investigation period. The ecosystem consists of two main surface types: open water (inhabited by submerged and floating vegetation) and emergent vegetation (particularly including the eulittoral zone of the lake, dominated by Typha latifolia). To determine the individual contribution of the two main surface types to the net CO2 and CH4 exchange of the whole lake ecosystem, we combined footprint analysis with CH4 modelling and net ecosystem exchange partitioning.The CH4 and CO2 dynamics were strikingly different between open water and emergent vegetation. Net CH4 emissions from the open water area were around 4-fold higher than from emergent vegetation stands, accounting for 53 and 13 g CH4 m−2 a−1 respectively. In addition, both surface types were net CO2 sources with 158 and 750 g CO2 m−2 a−1 respectively. Unusual meteorological conditions in terms of a warm and dry summer and a mild winter might have facilitated high respiration rates. In sum, even after 9 years of rewetting the lake ecosystem exhibited a considerable C loss and global warming impact, the latter mainly driven by high CH4 emissions. We assume the eutrophic conditions in combination with permanent high inundation as major reasons for the unfavourable GHG balance.

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Transformation of Lake Ecosystem into Peat Bog and Vegetation History Based on Durne Bagno Mire (Lublin Polesie, E Poland)

Geochronometria ◽

10.2478/v10003-007-0033-y ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 29 (-1) ◽

pp. 23-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Krystyna Bałaga

Keyword(s):

Vegetation History ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Late Glacial ◽

Unique Element ◽

Peat Bogs ◽

Lake Ecosystem ◽

Peat Bog ◽

Mineral Material ◽

Late Glacial And Holocene ◽

Almost All

Transformation of Lake Ecosystem into Peat Bog and Vegetation History Based on Durne Bagno Mire (Lublin Polesie, E Poland)In this paper, the history of Durne Bagno, i.e. the largest peat bog in the Lublin Polesie, is shown. Peat bogs are a unique element of the Polesie landscape. They occur mostly in the subregion of the Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District occupying 1.07% of its area. They fill basin-shaped depressions without outflow, often in the immediate vicinity of dystrophic lakes. Based on interdisciplinary research, the changes of vegetation cover and the Durne Bagno lake-mire ecosystem in the Late Glacial and Holocene are presented. The environmental conditions are reconstructed from pollen analysis, detailed identification of algae ofPediastrumgenus and chemical composition of deposits, together with the results of Cladocera analysis. The distribution of archaeological artefacts in the surroundings of Durne Bagno peat bog gives the view on the intensity of settlement in this area. The duration of the limnic and mire stages during the development of the ecosystem was different in different parts of the examined depression. In its central part the limnic stage lasted about 8000 years and included the period from the Late Glacial to the middle Holocene (to about 6000 BP). It is represented by 7 pollen zones and 6 chemical zones. The mire stage contained a part the Atlantic period and on the Subboreal and Subatlantic periods. It is represented by 4 pollen zones and 5 chemical zones. Limnic and mire deposits differ widely in the concentrations of chemical elements. The contents of mineral material and almost all analyzed elements in limnic deposits are high. These deposits are characterized by positive correlation between the contents of Zn and Cr and the frequency of Cladocera fauna. Peat contains very low amount of mineral material. The contents of Ca, Sr and Ba are rather high in sedgemoss peat. The concentrations of these elements decrease upwards due to oligotrophic processes and sedentation of sedge-Eriophorum-Sphagnumpeat. Peat succession was modified by pastoral economy of prehistoric man.

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Application of the CNOP Method in the Shallow Lake Ecosystem

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.658 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1010-1012 ◽

pp. 658-661 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qian Qian Qi ◽

Bo Wang

Keyword(s):

Ecological Restoration ◽

Shallow Lake ◽

Submerged Macrophytes ◽

Finite Amplitude ◽

Water Transparency ◽

Lake Ecosystem ◽

Initial Condition ◽

Turbid Water ◽

Variable Model

It is serious on the degradation of the shallow lake ecosystem at present, while the recovery of the macrophytes vegetations and the increase in water transparency have been the main contents of the ecological restoration. Using a two-variable model, we discuss the instability and sensitivity of the ecosystem to the finite-amplitude perturbations related to the initial condition with CNOP-I method. Results show that the linearly stable clear (turbid) water states can be nonlinearly unstable with the finite-amplitude perturbations. The results also demonstrate that the facilitation interactions between the submerged macrophytes and the water transparency are the main trigger for a shift from the turbid to the clear state.

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