scholarly journals Monochannel Preference in Autism Spectrum Conditions Revealed by a Non-Visual Variant of Rubber Hand Illusion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Galigani ◽  
Carlotta Fossataro ◽  
Patrizia Gindri ◽  
Massimiliano Conson ◽  
Francesca Garbarini
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Rubber Hand Illusion ◽  
Autism Spectrum Conditions ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Rubber Hand ◽  
Sensory Channel ◽  
Effective Integration

AbstractIndividuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are less susceptible to multisensory delusions, such as rubber hand illusion (RHI). Here, we investigate whether a monochannel variant of RHI is more effective in inducing an illusory feeling of ownership in ASC. To this aim, we exploit a non-visual variant of the RHI that, excluding vision, leverages only on the somatosensory channel. While the visual-tactile RHI does not alter the perceived hand position in ASC individuals, the tacto-tactile RHI effectively modulates proprioception to a similar extent as that found in typical development individuals. These findings suggest a more effective integration of multiple inputs originating from the same sensory channel in ASC, revealing a monochannel preference in this population.

scholarly journals Relations between intensionality, theory of mind and complex syntax in autism spectrum conditions and typical development

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 101071
Author(s):  
Kristen Schroeder ◽  
Stephanie Durrleman ◽  
Derya Çokal ◽  
Annabel Sanfeliu Delgado ◽  
Adela Masana Marin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Autism Spectrum Conditions ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Complex Syntax

Hand ownership and hand position in the rubber hand illusion are uncorrelated

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas P. Holmes ◽  
Tamar R. Makin ◽  
Michelle Cadieux ◽  
Claire Williams ◽  
Katherine R. Naish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Objective Measure ◽  
Rubber Hand Illusion ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Verbal Reports ◽  
Rubber Hand ◽  
Manual Pointing ◽  
Staircase Procedure ◽  
Two Measures

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a multisensory (visual, tactile, proprioceptive) illusion in which participants report body ownership over, mislocalize actual hand position to, and feel touches applied to, the rubber hand. For many years, researchers have used changes in perceived hand position, measured by inter-manual pointing, as a more objective measure of the illusion than verbal reports alone. Despite this reliance, there is little evidence to show that the illusion of hand ownership is directly related to perceived hand position. We developed an adaptive staircase procedure to measure perceived hand position, and tested whether the RHI affected perceived hand position. In two experiments we found a significant illusion of ownership, as well as significant changes in perceived hand position, but these two measures were uncorrelated. In a third experiment using more typical RHI procedures, we again replicated significant illusions of ownership and changes in hand position, but again the measures were uncorrelated. We conclude that viewing and feeling touches applied to a dummy hand results in clear illusions of ownership and changes in hand position, but via independent mechanisms.

The Development of a Cross-Modal Sense of Body Ownership

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Nava ◽  
Nadia Bolognini ◽  
Chiara Turati
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rubber Hand Illusion ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Rubber Hand ◽  
Pointing Task

In this study, we investigated the contribution of tactile and proprioceptive cues to the development of the sense of body ownership by testing the susceptibility of 4- to 5-year-old children, 8- to 9-year-old children, and adults to the somatic rubber-hand illusion (SRHI). We found that feelings of owning a rubber hand in the SHRI paradigm, as assessed by explicit reports (i.e., questionnaire), are already present by age 4 and do not change throughout development. In contrast, the effect of the illusion on the sense of hand position, as assessed by a pointing task, was present only in 8- to 9-year-old children and adults; the magnitude of such capture increased with age. Our findings reveal that tactile-proprioceptive interactions contributed differently to the two aspects characterizing the SRHI: Although the contribution of such interactions to an explicit sense of self was similar across age groups, their contribution to the more implicit recalibration of hand position is still developing by age 9.

The rubber hand illusion and the tactile Simon effect

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Michael Iannacone ◽  
Jared Medina
Keyword(s):  
Simon Effect ◽  
Body Schema ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rubber Hand Illusion ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Rubber Hand ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Experimental Block ◽  
Four Blocks

We examined the effects of the rubber hand illusion on representing tactile stimuli using the Simon effect. In a tactile Simon effect task, participants are instructed to make intensity judgments (using foot pedal responses) to tactile stimuli presented to the hands. Participants are faster when the tactile stimulus and response foot are on the same versus opposite side of the body, regardless of whether the limbs are crossed or uncrossed. Furthermore, participants are faster overall when the hands are crossed versus uncrossed. In this study, participants engaged in a tactile Simon effect experiment with rubber hands positioned directly above the participants’ hidden hands, and with real and rubber hands stroked before each experimental block. Each participant was tested in four blocks, manipulating real and rubber hand position (crossed or uncrossed). First, we found that participants responded faster with real or rubber hands crossed, demonstrating that crossing the hands (real or rubber) can hasten tactile intensity judgments. Furthermore, on trials when the rubber hands were crossed, high ownership ratings for the rubber hand were significantly correlated with faster reaction times. Finally, we found a significantly more robust Simon effect when the rubber hands (but not real hands) were crossed. We discuss these findings with reference to how integration of rubber hands into the body schema influences how we represent the location of tactile stimuli.

The Children’s Empathy Quotient and Systemizing Quotient: Sex Differences in Typical Development and in Autism Spectrum Conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1509-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Auyeung ◽  
Sally Wheelwright ◽  
Carrie Allison ◽  
Matthew Atkinson ◽  
Nelum Samarawickrema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Autism Spectrum Conditions ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Empathy Quotient

scholarly journals Sustained rubber hand illusion after the end of visuotactile stimulation with a similar time course for the reduction of subjective ownership and proprioceptive drift

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Abdulkarim ◽  
Z. Hayatou ◽  
H. H. Ehrsson
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Rubber Hand Illusion ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Subjective Feeling ◽  
Rubber Hand ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Proprioceptive Drift

AbstractThe rubber hand illusion is a perceptual illusion in which participants experience an inanimate rubber hand as their own when they observe this model hand being stroked in synchrony with strokes applied to the person’s real hand, which is hidden. Earlier studies have focused on the factors that determine the elicitation of this illusion, the relative contribution of vision, touch and other sensory modalities involved and the best ways to quantify this perceptual phenomenon. Questionnaires serve to assess the subjective feeling of ownership, whereas proprioceptive drift is a measure of the recalibration of hand position sense towards the rubber hand when the illusion is induced. Proprioceptive drift has been widely used and thought of as an objective measure of the illusion, although the relationship between this measure and the subjective illusion is not fully understood. Here, we examined how long the illusion is maintained after the synchronous visuotactile stimulation stops with the specific aim of clarifying the temporal relationship in the reduction of both subjective ownership and proprioceptive drift. Our results show that both the feeling of ownership and proprioceptive drift are sustained for tens of seconds after visuotactile stroking has ceased. Furthermore, our results indicate that the reduction of proprioceptive drift and the feeling of ownership follow similar time courses in their reduction, suggesting that the two phenomena are temporally correlated. Collectively, these findings help us better understand the relationships of multisensory stimulation, subjective ownership, and proprioceptive drift in the rubber hand illusion.

scholarly journals The rubber hand illusion in children with autism spectrum disorders: delayed influence of combined tactile and visual input on proprioception

Autism ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carissa J. Cascio ◽  
Jennifer H. Foss-Feig ◽  
Courtney P. Burnette ◽  
Jessica L. Heacock ◽  
Akua A. Cosby
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Temporal Integration ◽  
Body Representation ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Rubber Hand Illusion ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Rubber Hand ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

In the rubber hand illusion, perceived hand ownership can be transferred to a rubber hand after synchronous visual and tactile stimulation. Perceived body ownership and self–other relation are foundational for development of self-awareness, imitation, and empathy, which are all affected in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We examined the rubber hand illusion in children with and without ASD. Children with ASD were initially less susceptible to the illusion than the comparison group, yet showed the effects of the illusion after 6 minutes. Delayed susceptibility to the illusion may result from atypical multisensory temporal integration and/or an unusually strong reliance on proprioception. Children with ASD who displayed less empathy were significantly less likely to experience the illusion than those with more intact ability to express empathy. A better understanding of body representation in ASD may elucidate neural underpinnings of social deficits, thus informing future intervention approaches.

scholarly journals Autism and psychosis as diametrical disorders of embodiment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Crespi ◽  
Natalie Dinsdale
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Self ◽  
Rubber Hand Illusion ◽  
Rubber Hand ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Human System ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Humans have evolved an elaborate system of self-consciousness, self-identity, self-agency, and self-embodiment that is grounded in specific neurological structures including an expanded insula. Instantiation of the bodily self has been most-extensively studied via the ‘rubber hand illusion’, whereby parallel stimulation of a hidden true hand, and a viewed false hand, leads to the felt belief that the false hand is one’s own. Autism and schizophrenia have both long been regarded as conditions centrally involving altered development of the self, but they have yet to be compared directly with regard to the self and embodiment. Here we synthesize the embodied cognition literature for these and related conditions, and describe evidence that these two sets of disorders exhibit opposite susceptibilities from typical individuals to the rubber hand illusion: reduced on the autism spectrum and increased in schizophrenia and other psychotic-affective conditions. Moreover, the opposite illusion effects are mediated by a consilient set of associated phenomena, including empathy, interoception, anorexia risk and phenotypes, and patterns of genetic correlation. Taken together, these findings: (1) support the diametric model of autism and psychotic-affective disorders, (2) implicate the adaptive human system of self-embodiment, and its neural bases, in neurodevelopmental disorders, and suggest new therapies, and (3) experimentally-ground bayesian predictive coding models with regard to autism compared to psychosis.

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