Biostimulants derived from red seaweed stimulate the plant defence mechanism in rice against Magnaporthe oryzae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banakar N. Sahana ◽  
M. K. PrasannaKumar ◽  
H. B. Mahesh ◽  
P. Buela Parivallal ◽  
M. E. Puneeth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
Defence Mechanism

scholarly journals The Biosynthesis of Phenolic Compounds Is an Integrated Defence Mechanism to Prevent Ozone Injury in Salvia officinalis

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1274
Author(s):  
Alessandra Marchica ◽  
Lorenzo Cotrozzi ◽  
Rebecca Detti ◽  
Giacomo Lorenzini ◽  
Elisa Pellegrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defence ◽  
Phenol Oxidase ◽  
Tyrosine Aminotransferase ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Metabolism ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
Ozone Injury ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Oxidative Damage To Proteins ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid Synthase

Specialized metabolites constitute a major antioxidant system involved in plant defence against environmental constraints, such as tropospheric ozone (O3). The objective of this experiment was to give a thorough description of the effects of an O3 pulse (120 ppb, 5 h) on the phenylpropanoid metabolism of sage, at both biochemical and molecular levels. Variable O3-induced changes were observed over time among the detected phenylpropanoid compounds (mostly identified as phenolic acids and flavonoids), likely because of their extraordinary functional diversity. Furthermore, decreases in the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), phenol oxidase (PPO), and rosmarinic acid synthase (RAS) activities were reported during the first hours of treatment, probably due to an O3-induced oxidative damage to proteins. Both PAL and PPO activities were also suppressed at 24 h from the beginning of exposure, whereas enhanced RAS activity occurred at the end of treatment and at the recovery time, suggesting that specific branches of the phenolic pathways were activated. The increased RAS activity was accompanied by the up-regulation of the transcript levels of genes like RAS, tyrosine aminotransferase, and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase. In conclusion, sage faced the O3 pulse by regulating the activation of the phenolic biosynthetic route as an integrated defence mechanism.

Revisiting the enzymes stored in the laticifers of Carica papaya in the context of their possible participation in the plant defence mechanism

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. El Moussaoui ◽  
M. Nijs ◽  
C. Paul ◽  
R. Wintjens ◽  
J. Vincentelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Defence Mechanism

scholarly journals A Possible Involvement of ACR4, a Receptor Like Kinase, in Plant Defence Mechanism

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannat E-Zereen ◽  
Gwyneth Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defence ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Cuticular Lipid ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
Necrotrophic Pathogen ◽  
Pathogen Challenge ◽  
Receptor Like Kinase ◽  
Receptor Kinases ◽  
Defence Responses

Many developmentally important Receptor Like Kinases (RLKs), also known as receptor kinases have been shown to play independent roles in plant defence. In order to investigate the role of Arabidopsis CRINKLY4 (ACR4) in plant defence mechanism, pathogen challenge experiments were carried out. It was found that ACR4 knockout leaves show reduced susceptibility to the necrotrophic pathogen, Botrytis cinerea. It is therefore possible that the ACR4 receptor might interact with other proteins that regulate specific defence responses. Reduced susceptibility of ACR4 mutant to B. cinerea could also be due to the possible epidermal defect of acr4 leaves. A detailed study of the cuticular lipid composition of acr4 leaves may help ascertain whether epidermal defects in acr4 leaves are responsible for resistance against B. cinerea. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v15i2.12576 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 15(2): 127-130, 2012

Low temperature delay and inhibition of a plant defence mechanism: early basal resistance in tobacco

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 323-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Besenyei ◽  
P. G. Ott ◽  
Z. Bozsó ◽  
A. Czelleng ◽  
Á. Szatmári ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
Basal Resistance

scholarly journals Wheat blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae pathovar Triticum is efficiently controlled by the plant defence inducer isotianil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Portz ◽  
Florencia Casanova ◽  
Angelina Jordine ◽  
Stefan Bohnert ◽  
Andreas Mehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Protection Measure ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Pathogen Populations

Abstract Wheat blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae pv. Triticum is an upcoming threat to wheat cultivation worldwide. The disease crossing over to wheat first gained attention in South America, with increasing interest coming from its more recent appearance in the big wheat-growing areas of Asia. The increasing economic relevance of the disease and the lack of genetic resistance in current wheat breeding material, besides fungicide resistance already present in fungal pathogen populations, highlighted the need to evaluate the potential of isotianil as an alternative plant protection measure. Isotianil is already registered in Asia for the protection of rice against M. oryzae, but because the agronomic practices and disease development of blast differ between rice and wheat, the efficacy of isotianil against wheat blast was hard to predict. Testing isotianil in the currently available formulations, applied either as seed treatment or soil drench, resulted in a significant reduction of disease severity. The efficacy was comparably high, on different wheat cultivars and using several fungal isolates with different degrees of virulence. Microscopic analyses revealed that isotianil treatment can prevent invasive growth of the pathogen. No phytotoxicity from isotianil treatment was observed on wheat plants. Importantly, isotianil not only protects wheat plants at the seedling stage but also on spikes thereby preventing losses due to this most severe disease syndrome. In summary, the results showed the high potential of isotianil to protect against wheat blast.

scholarly journals A Computational Approach to Predict the Regulation of Antioxidant Enzyme, Catalase in the Plant Defence Mechanism

2014 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Michael ImmanuelJesse ◽  
Mohammed Riyaz. S.U. ◽  
Rajamuthuramalingam Rajamuthuramalingam ◽  
Dharanivasan. G ◽  
Kathiravan. K.
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Catalase

scholarly journals Host Plant Strategies to Combat Against Viruses Effector Proteins

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avinash Marwal ◽  
Rajarshi Kumar Gaur
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
Avr Gene

Viruses are obligate parasites that exist in an inactive state until they enter the host body. Upon entry, viruses become active and start replicating by using the host cell machinery. All plant viruses can augment their transmission, thus powering their detrimental effects on the host plant. To diminish infection and diseases caused by viruses, the plant has a defence mechanism known as pathogenesis- related biochemicals, which are metabolites and proteins. Proteins that ultimately prevent pathogenic diseases are called R proteins. Several plant R genes (that confirm resistance) and avirulence protein (Avr) (pathogen Avr gene-encoded proteins [effector/elicitor proteins involved in pathogenicity]) molecules have been identified. The recognition of such a factor results in the plant defence mechanism. During plant viral infection, the replication and expression of a viral molecule lead to a series of a hypersensitive response (HR) and affect the host plant’s immunity (pathogen-associated molecular pattern–triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity). Avr protein renders the host RNA silencing mechanism and its innate immunity, chiefly known as silencing suppressors towards the plant defensive machinery. This is a strong reply to the plant defensive machinery by harmful plant viruses. In this review, we describe the plant pathogen resistance protein and how these proteins regulate host immunity during plant–virus interactions. Furthermore, we have discussed regarding ribosome- inactivating proteins, ubiquitin proteasome system, translation repression (nuclear shuttle protein interacting kinase 1), DNA methylation, dominant resistance genes, and autophagy-mediated protein degradation, which are crucial in antiviral defences.

Internal secretory spaces in thickened underground systems of Asteraceae species

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziela Cury ◽  
Beatriz Appezzato-da-Glória
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Tropical Savanna ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Aerial Systems

Secretory structures are present in many vascular plants and have an important ecological role as a plant defence mechanism against herbivors and pathogens. Internal secretory spaces of lipid substances are widespread in the Asteraceae. However, information about the occurrence of these structures in thickened underground systems is sparse, compared with what we know about aerial systems. The main objective of the present paper was to investigate the occurrence, formation and chemical nature of the secretory structures in six Asteraceae species belonging to the following tribes: Eupatorieae (Mikania cordifolia and M. sessilifolia), Mutisiae (Trixis nobilis), Plucheeae (Pterocaulon alopecuroides) and Vernonieae (Vernonia elegans and V. megapotamica). The samples were collected in areas of Cerrado (tropical savanna) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The secretory structures found were cortical canals in roots (T. nobilis, P. alopecuroides, V. elegans and V. megapotamica), cortical cavities in roots (M. cordifolia, M. sessilifolia and P. alopecuroides), cavities in the secondary phloem of roots (T. nobilis), cortical cavities in the xylopodium (M. cordifolia, M. sessilifolia, P. alopecuroides and V. megapotamica) and in the underground stem (T. nobilis), and canals in the secondary xylem in the xylopodium (M. cordifolia and M. sessilifolia). Histochemical tests showed the presence of lipid substances in all structures.

scholarly journals Wheat blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae pv. Triticum is efficiently controlled by the plant defence inducer isotianil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Portz ◽  
Florencia Casanova ◽  
Angelina Jordine ◽  
Stefan Bohnert ◽  
Andreas Mehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Protection Measure ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Pathogen Populations

AbstractWheat blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae pv. Triticum (MoT) is an upcoming threat to wheat cultivation worldwide. The disease crossing over to wheat first gained attention in South America, with increasing interest coming from its more recent appearance in the big wheat growing areas of Asia. The increasing economic relevance of the disease and the lack of genetic resistance in current wheat breading material, besides fungicide resistance already present in fungal pathogen populations, highlighted the need to evaluate the potential of isotianil as an alternative plant protection measure. Isotianil is already registered in Asia for the protection of rice against M. oryzae but because the agronomic practices and disease development of blast differ between rice and wheat, the efficacy of isotianil against wheat blast was hard to predict. Testing isotianil in the currently available formulations, applied either as seed treatment or soil drench, resulted in a significant reduction of disease severity. The efficacy was comparably high, on different wheat cultivars and using several fungal isolates with different degrees of virulence. Microscopic analyses revealed that isotianil treatment can prevent invasive growth of the pathogen. No phytotoxicity from isotianil treatment was observed on wheat plants up to the stage of heading. Importantly, isotianil not only protects wheat plants at the seedling stage but also on spikes thereby preventing losses due to this most severe disease syndrome. In summary, the results showed the high potential of isotianil to protect against wheat blast.

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