Cognitive Mechanisms of the Transmission of Violence: Exploring Gender Differences among Adolescents Exposed to Family Violence

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Calvete ◽  
Izaskun Orue
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Family Violence ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms

Parent- and Sibling-Directed Aggression in Children of Domestic Violence Victims

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 886-901
Author(s):  
Michelle P. Desir ◽  
Canan Karatekin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Family Violence ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Domestic Violence Shelter ◽  
Domestic Violence Victims

This study examines the nature of parent- and sibling-directed aggression and involvement in other victimization among children living with female caregivers in a domestic violence shelter. Caregivers were interviewed about their children’s (N= 79;Mage= 9.0 years) parent- and sibling-directed aggression. Physical and verbal aggression and emotional blackmail were the most common forms of aggression against caregivers. Physical and verbal aggression were most common against siblings. No age or gender differences in aggression characteristics were found. A large minority of children displayed both parent- and sibling-directed aggression. Children exhibiting parent- or sibling-directed aggression were significantly more likely to be victimized. Findings highlight the importance of incorporating parent- and sibling-directed aggression into definitions of family violence and recognizing children can be victims and victimizers.

scholarly journals Why Are Men More Likely to Endorse Myths About Child Sexual Abuse Than Women? Evidence From Disposition and Situation-Based Approaches

2021 ◽  
pp. 107755952098835
Author(s):  
Eunice Magalhães ◽  
João Graça ◽  
Carla Antunes ◽  
Célia Ferreira ◽  
Micaela Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mediating Role

Research on attitudes toward Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) consistently shows that men are more likely to endorse myths about CSA events, victims and perpetrators, compared to women. Here we present two studies that examine why these gender differences occur. Study one (N = 439) followed a dispositional approach to test the mediating role of empathy, social dominance orientation (SDO) and propensity for moral disengagement in the association between gender and the endorsement of CSA myths. Male participants showed higher levels of SDO and propensity for moral disengagement, and lower empathy, which in turn were associated with greater CSA myths acceptance. Study two (N = 360) followed a situational approach to test these processes using a specific case of CSA. Male participants showed higher levels of SDO and lower empathy, which in turn were associated with lower scores of perceived assault seriousness, victim credibility, perpetrator culpability, and greater victim culpability. Overall, the results suggest that men and women may appraise CSA differently, which can be partly explained by differences in SDO, propensity to morally disengage, and empathy. Furthermore, different cognitive mechanisms may be activated with regard to general appraisals of CSA compared to specific cases of CSA.

Family Violence Associated with Self-Rated Health, Satisfaction With Life, and Health Service Use in Primary Care Older Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052093851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saidi Mohamed Mkandzile Farhat ◽  
Djamal Berbiche ◽  
Helen-Maria Vasiliadis
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Family Violence ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Health Service Use ◽  
Health Satisfaction ◽  
Ed Visits

We aimed to document in primary care older adults the relationship between family violence (FV) and mental and physical health, satisfaction with life, and health service use, by gender. The study sample included data from 1,658 older adults recruited in primary care practices, in one of the largest health regions in the province of Quebec. The presence of FV (partner/spouse, adult child) was assessed with the 21-item Family Violence Scale (FVS) adapted from the conflicts Tactics Scale 2. Self-rated mental health (SRMH) and self-rated physical health (SRPH) were assessed with single-item measures. Satisfaction with life (SWL) was measured using a validated French version of the SWL scale. Health service use over a 2-year period included outpatient consultations (number), emergency department (ED) visits (yes/no), and hospitalizations (yes/no). Multi-level logistic and Poisson’s regression models were conducted to assess study outcomes as a function of FV. Analyses were stratified by perpetrator and gender. There was an association between FV and SRMH in women (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = [0.27, 0.62]), and SWL in both men and women ( B = −5.74, 95% CI = [–6.71, –4.76]; B = −10.07, 95% CI = [–14.16, –5.98], respectively). Significant associations were found in women between FV and ED visits (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = [1.12, 1.18]), hospitalizations (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = [1.32, 1.43]), and outpatient consultations (RR = 1.25, 95% CI = [1.19, 1.30]). SWL moderated the association between FV and likelihood of hospitalization. Gender differences were observed between FV and SRMH and SWL. FV was associated with increased health service use in women but not men. These gender differences may suggest stigma-related barriers to health service use. Victims of violence with higher SWL had a lower likelihood of being hospitalized. Public health programs aimed at increasing awareness of the different types of FV and interventions aiming to improve resilience in victims are needed.

The bottleneck may be the solution, not the problem

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnon Lotem ◽  
Oren Kolodny ◽  
Joseph Y. Halpern ◽  
Luca Onnis ◽  
Shimon Edelman
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Biological Trait ◽  
Memory Bottleneck

AbstractAs a highly consequential biological trait, a memory “bottleneck” cannot escape selection pressures. It must therefore co-evolve with other cognitive mechanisms rather than act as an independent constraint. Recent theory and an implemented model of language acquisition suggest that a limit on working memory may evolve to help learning. Furthermore, it need not hamper the use of language for communication.

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