Chloroquine Induces ROS-mediated Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Secretion and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in ER-positive Breast Cancer Cell Lines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Rojas-Sanchez ◽  
Alin García-Miranda ◽  
José Benito Montes-Alvarado ◽  
Israel Cotzomi-Ortega ◽  
Fabiola Lilí Sarmiento-Salinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Macrophage Migration ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Er Positive ◽  
Positive Breast Cancer Cell ◽  
Factor Secretion ◽  
Positive Breast Cancer

scholarly journals Deciphering the Molecular Mechanisms Sustaining the Estrogenic Activity of the Two Major Dietary Compounds Zearalenone and Apigenin in ER-Positive Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Lecomte ◽  
Florence Demay ◽  
Thu Ha Pham ◽  
Solenn Moulis ◽  
Théo Efstathiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Er Positive ◽  
Positive Breast Cancer Cell ◽  
Positive Breast Cancer

The flavone apigenin and the mycotoxin zearalenone are two major compounds found in the human diet which bind estrogen receptors (ERs), and therefore influence ER activity. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well known. To unravel the molecular mechanisms that could explain the differential effect of zearalenone and apigenin on ER-positive breast cancer cell proliferation, gene-reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments, proliferation assays and transcriptomic analysis were performed. We found that zearalenone and apigenin transactivated ERs and promoted the expression of estradiol (E2)-responsive genes. However, zearalenone clearly enhanced cellular proliferation, while apigenin appeared to be antiestrogenic in the presence of E2 in both ER-positive breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and T47D. The transcriptomic analysis showed that both compounds regulate gene expression in the same way, but with differences in intensity. Two major sets of genes were identified; one set was linked to the cell cycle and the other set was linked to stress response and growth arrest. Our results show that the transcription dynamics in gene regulation induced by apigenin were somehow different with zearalenone and E2 and may explain the differential effect of these compounds on the phenotype of the breast cancer cell. Together, our results confirmed the potential health benefit effect of apigenin, while zearalenone appeared to be a true endocrine-disrupting compound.

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