Blinking While Speaking and Talking, Hearing, and Listening: Communication or Individual Underlying Process?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Descroix ◽  
Wojciech Świątkowski ◽  
Christian Graff
Keyword(s):  
Underlying Process

The importance of identifying underlying process abnormalities in alexithymia: Implications of the three-process model and a single case study illustration

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 33-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Smith ◽  
Alfred W. Kaszniak ◽  
Joanna Katsanis ◽  
Richard D. Lane ◽  
Lisbeth Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Underlying Process

Doubly stochastic Hilbertian processes

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Guillas
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Stationary Solution ◽  
Law Of Large Numbers ◽  
Underlying Process ◽  
Doubly Stochastic ◽  
Covariance Estimator ◽  
Large Numbers

In this paper, we consider a Hilbert-space-valued autoregressive stochastic sequence (Xn) with several regimes. We suppose that the underlying process (In) which drives the evolution of (Xn) is stationary. Under some dependence assumptions on (In), we prove the existence of a unique stationary solution, and with a symmetric compact autocorrelation operator, we can state a law of large numbers with rates and the consistency of the covariance estimator. An overall hypothesis states that the regimes where the autocorrelation operator's norm is greater than 1 should be rarely visited.

Swayed by the Numbers: The Consequences of Displaying Product Review Attributes

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 109-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared Watson ◽  
Anastasiya Pocheptsova Ghosh ◽  
Michael Trusov
Keyword(s):  
Relative Influence ◽  
Product Review ◽  
Underlying Process ◽  
Online Purchases ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Product Ratings ◽  
Choice Set

Prior research has shown the independent effects of average product ratings and number of reviews for online purchases, but the relative influence of these aggregate review attributes is still debated in the literature. In this research, the authors demonstrate the conditional influences of these two attributes as a function of the valence of average product ratings and the level of review numbers in a choice set. Specifically, they argue that the diagnosticity of the number of reviews, relative to average product ratings, increases when average product ratings are negative or neutral (vs. positive) and when the level of review numbers in a choice set is low (vs. high). As a result, when consumers choose among the best options on one of the review attributes (average product ratings or the number of reviews), their preference shifts from the higher-rated option with fewer reviews toward the lower-rated option with more reviews. The authors demonstrate this preference shift in seven studies, elucidate the underlying process by which this occurs, and conclude with a discussion of the implications for retailers and brands.

scholarly journals Enforced symmetry: the necessity of symmetric waxing and waning

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e8011
Author(s):  
Niklas Hohmann ◽  
Emilia Jarochowska
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Underlying Process

A fundamental question in ecology is how the success of a taxon changes through time and what drives this change. This question is commonly approached using trajectories averaged over a group of taxa. Using results from probability theory, we show analytically and using examples that averaged trajectories will be more symmetric as the number of averaged trajectories increases, even if none of the original trajectories they were derived from is symmetric. This effect is not only based on averaging, but also on the introduction of noise and the incorporation of a priori known origination and extinction times. This implies that averaged trajectories are not suitable for deriving information about the processes driving the success of taxa. In particular, symmetric waxing and waning, which is commonly observed and interpreted to be linked to a number of different paleobiological processes, does not allow drawing any conclusions about the nature of the underlying process.

Increased Intracranial Pressure

1981 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 269-276
Author(s):  
John F. Griffith ◽  
Jimmy C. Brasfield
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Raised Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Cranial Cavity ◽  
Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Underlying Process ◽  
Spinal Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Rate Of Absorption

The infant or child with increasing pressure within the cranial cavity must be identified early and treated promptly in order to prevent serious complications or death. When the pressure elevation is gradual it is frequently well tolerated, and the patient may seem deceptively well. There is a critical point, however, beyond which any further increase in pressure leads to a catastrophic deterioration in the patient's condition.1 When this occurs, the outlook for quality survival is poor despite the best therapy. Unfortunately, this can occur when the underlying process is benign and would have been reversible if recognized and treated promptly. For prompt recognition and treatment, the physician must be familiar with the pathophysiology of raised intracranial pressure. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY The intracranial compartment contains blood vessels, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain, and leptomeninges which include the rigid dural membranes forming the falx and tentorium. Whenever there is an increase in the volume of any one of these intracranial components (brain, CSF, blood) there must be a corresponding reduction in the size of the others in order for the intracranial pressure to remain normal. This type of compensation or buffering capacity is particularly important in the early stages of intracranial disease. As the pressure mounts from any type of mass lesion, the CSF is displaced caudally into the spinal subarachnoid space and there is a corresponding increase in the rate of absorption of CSF.2

Volatility and Microstructure Noise

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yacine Aïıt-Sahalia ◽  
Jean Jacod
Keyword(s):  
Microstructure Noise ◽  
Underlying Process ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Integrated Volatility ◽  
Tick Data ◽  
Efficient Price ◽  
The Difference

This chapter covers the various problems arising in the estimation of the integrated volatility when the observations are contaminated by a noise. The approach used is quite partial, and fundamentally phenomenological, in contrast with a microeconomical approach. That is, the authors assumed the existence of an underlying (nonobservable) efficient price, and what is called noise below is by definition the difference between the observed price and the efficient price. Henceforth, it certainly does not apply to tick-by-tick data, even if these were regularly spaced in time (which they are not). In the whole chapter, with the exception of one section, the underlying process X is one-dimensional.

EXPRESS: The Upside of Negative: Social Distance in Online Reviews of Identity-Relevant Brands

2022 ◽  
pp. 002224292210747
Author(s):  
Nailya Ordabayeva ◽  
Lisa A. Cavanaugh ◽  
Darren W. Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Marketing Theory ◽  
Brand Preference ◽  
Underlying Process

Conventional wisdom in marketing emphasizes the detrimental effects of negative online reviews for brands. An important question is whether some firms could more effectively manage negative reviews to improve brand preference and outcomes. To address this question, our research examines how customers respond to online reviews of identity-relevant brands in particular, which have been overlooked in the online reviews literature. Eight studies (field data and experiments featuring consequential and hypothetical behaviors) show that negative online reviews may not be so detrimental for identity-relevant brands, especially when those reviews originate from socially distant (but not socially close) reviewers. This occurs because a negative review of an identity-relevant brand can pose a threat to a customer’s identity, prompting the customer to strengthen their relationship with the identity-relevant brand. To document the underlying process, we show that this effect does not emerge when the review is positive or the brand is identity-irrelevant. Importantly, we identify circumstances when negative reviews can actually produce positive outcomes (higher preference) for identity-relevant brands over no reviews or even positive reviews. By demonstrating the upside of negative reviews for identity-relevant brands, our findings have important implications for marketing theory and practice.

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