PENGARUH ELECTRONIC ROAD PRICING TERHADAP KONDISI LALU LINTAS RUAS JALAN KUNINGAN

Electronic road pricing is a prepaid road which is used to decrease the traffic volume with using Electronic road pricing gate on the road that applied ERP and using In-Vehicle Unit device. The high number of vehicle volume at jakarta become one of the main reason of applying electronic road pricing. On this study will be discussed about the condition of Kuningan road traffic situation, this road is a main access for people especially to work and shopping. to analyze the vehicle volume will be using direct observation method to got the volume, velocity and intensiveness of the traffic. direct observation will be used to watch vehicle such as motorcycle, light vehicle and weight vehicle. with observation data we will get graphic about the connectivity between velocity and intensiveness that will be modified with questionnaire. questionnaire data will be spreaded out to get the percentage of decreased volume and estimated price for electronic road pricing. This study is expected to learn the electronic road pricing with most efficient price to decreased the vehicle volume at Kuningan road. ABSTRAKElectronic Road Pricing adalah jalan berbayar yang digunakan untuk mengurangi kemacetan lalu lintas dengan cara memasangkan gate Electronic Road Pricing pada jalan yang akan dikenai ERP dan memasang In-Vehicle Unit. Tingginya volume kendaraan di Jakarta menjadi alasan utama diterapkan Electronic Road Pricing. Pada penelitian ini, dibahas mengenai kondisi lalu lintas jalan Kuningan, ruas jalan ini merupakan akses pengguna jalan untuk menuju perkantoran dan tempat perbelanjaan. Untuk menganalisa volume kendaraan akan digunakan metode observasi langsung untuk mendapatkan volume, kecepatan dan kepadatan lalu lintas. Observasi langsung dilakukan dengan memperhatikan kendaraan bermotor roda dua, kendaraan ringan dan kendaraan berat. Dengan data observasi akan didapat grafik hubungan antara kecepatan dan kedapatan yang akan dimodifikasi dengan data kuesioner. Data kuesioner disebar untuk mendapatkan persentase penurunan volume dan perkiraan harga Electronic Road Pricing untuk mengurangi volume lalu lintas. Diharapkan pada analisis penelitian ini dapat mengetahui biaya Electronic Road Pricing yang paling efisien untuk mengurangi volume kendaraan pada ruas jalan Kuningan.

The Effect of KRX Halts on Overheated Short-selling Stocks

Korea Exchange (KRX) has adopted several measures to ease temporary overheating of short-selling stocks in the market since March 27, 2017. These measures aim to curb excessive volatility and unfair trade, promoting efficient price discovery. This study examines the effect of overheated short-selling halts using the sample data from these KRX measures during the period of September 2017 to October 2019. The major empirical results are: first, the drop in prices of overheated short-selling stocks on a downward trend slows significantly after KRX announcement. Moreover, the stock price rise on the triggering day shows no additional increase in the period after the trigger. Second, for the stocks so triggered, the volatility in the period after the halt announcement shows no significant difference from the pre-halt period. This can be attributed to the resolution of the information asymmetry by calling investors’ attention to overheated short-selling. Third, the ratio of short-selling to trading after halt suggests no statistically significant difference from the period before the trigger. These results imply that the measures to ease overheated short sale of stocks in KRX are effective in controlling excessive temporary volatility and unfair trading.

PENGARUH ELECTRONIC ROAD PRICING TERHADAP VOLUME LALU LINTAS PADA RUAS JALAN BLOK M – KOTA

Electronic road pricing is a prepaid road which is used to decrease the traffic volume with put on the on board unit device as the payment tool. The high number of vehicle volume at Jakarta become one of the main reason of electronic road pricing used at the traffic. On this research will be discussed about the condition of Blok M – Kota traffic situation, this road is a main access for people especially to work. to analyze the vehicle volume will be using direct observation method to get the volume, velocity and intensiveness of the traffic. Direct observation will be used to watch vehicle such as motorcycle, light vehicle and weight vehicle. With observation data we will get graphic about the connectivity between velocity and intensiveness that will be modified with questionnaire. Questionnaire data will be spreaded out to get the percentage of decreased volume and estimated price for electronic road pricing. the price and time will be processed with analysis of variance method (ANOVA) asissted with SPSS program. With this research, we expected to learn the electronic road pricing with most efficient price to decrease the vehicle volume at Blok M – Kota road. AbstrakElectronic Road Pricing adalah jalan berbayar yang digunakan untuk mengurangi volume lalu lintas dengan cara memasangkan alat On Board Unit sebagai alat pembayarannya. Tingginya volume kendaraan di Jakarta menjadi alasan utama Electronic Road Pricing digunakan pada lalu lintas. Pada penelitian ini, dibahas mengenai kondisi lalu lintas Blok M – Kota, ruas jalan ini merupakan akses pengguna jalan untuk menuju perkantoran dan tempat wisata. Untuk menganalisa volume kendaraan akan digunakan metode observasi langsung untuk mendapatkan volume, kecepatan dan kepadatan lalu lintas. Observasi langsung dilakukan dengan memperhatikan kendaraan bermotor roda dua, kendaraan ringan dan kendaraan berat. Dengan data observasi akan didapat grafik hubungan antara kecepatan dan kedapatan yang akan dimodifikasi dengan data kuesioner. Data kuesioner disebar untuk mendapatkan persentase penurunan volume dan perkiraan harga Electronic Road Pricing untuk mengurangi volume lalu lintas. Pilihan harga dan waktu akan diolah dengan metode analysis of variance (ANOVA) dengan dibantu program SPSS. Diharapkan pada analisis penelitian ini dapat mengetahui biaya Electronic Road Pricing yang paling efisien untuk mengurangi volume kendaraan pada ruas jalan Blok M – Kota.

The Economics of Distributed Ledger Technology for Securities Settlement

We apply economic principles to understand how distributed ledger technology (DLT) might impact the innovation process and eventual market structure in the security settlement industry. Our main conclusions are that: i) Although DLT has the potential to significantly reduce costs in securities settlement, implementation is challenging, ii) technological innovation in the post-trade industry is more likely to succeed with some degree of coordination, which could be facilitated by the relevant authorities, and iii) DLTbased securities settlement is likely to be concentrated among few providers which, absent any regulation, could result in inefficient monopoly pricing or efficient price discrimination with service providers capturing much of the market surplus

Modelling Price Transmission within the Supply Chain under a European Protected Designation of Origin Framework: The Case of Parmigiano Reggiano in Italy

Lately, we have witnessed how European Institutions have directed many efforts at improving the effectiveness of food quality schemes (FQS) to address the increasing complexity that has affected all elements of the operating structure of agrifood supply chains worldwide, especially prices. In this paper, we conduct a comparative analysis of the price transmission process in the dairy sector between farm and retail markets within the protected designation of origin (PDO) framework and its non-protected counterpart in Italy. This paper considers a unique dataset for the PDO Parmigiano Reggiano cheese and for a non-protected counterpart in Italy covering a recent period after the price crises that took place nearly a decade ago. A multivariate error correction type approach was estimated together with the corresponding impulse response functions to provide useful insights for understanding the differences in the performance of the price transmission process between protected and non-protected food products. Contrary to most of the previous literature, our results support the hypothesis of symmetric price dynamics along the PDO cheese supply chain. The fewer number of farmers reduces the market power at the retail level generating more efficient price transmission dynamics. Short-run dynamics suggest that in the PDO cheese market farmers and retailers react quicker and with a similar magnitude to market changes, while in the conventional cheese market, retailers benefit in the short run from quicker and of higher magnitude responses to unanticipated market shocks.

Clinical Costing Standards

Standards are part of our lives. Clinical costing is no exception in this regard. Clinical costing standards are published documents comprising specifications and procedures to build consistent datasets for statutory purposes. The Independent Hospital Pricing Authority publishes and updates Australian Hospital Patient Costing Standards. The standards ensure compatibility and credibility. The standards formulate a consistent and transparent way to process costing. Compliance represents the production of reliable information which could be compared locally, nationally, and internationally. Health professionals could utilize these standards-compliant datasets for testing clinical guidelines for patient safety, developing patient classification systems for counting clinical services, and setting national efficient price for public hospital funding. The ultimate goal is to improve healthcare delivery in an equitable way and reduce human suffering.