Pitzer Model Anion–Anion and Ternary Interaction Parameters for the Na2C2O4–NaOH–H2O and Na2C2O4–NaNO3–H2O Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1358-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob G. Reynolds ◽  
Robert Carter
2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidija Gomidzelovic ◽  
Dragana Zivkovic ◽  
Ivan Mihajlovic

The results of thermodynamic analysis of ternary system Ga-In-Sb are presented in these work. Thermodynamic analysis was carried out by applying general solution predicting method in sections from Ga, In and Sb corner, respectively, with following ratios 1:3, 1:1, 3:1 in the temperature interval 873 to 1673 K. Based on this, excess molar Gibbs energies and activity of all components in specified temperature interval were calculated. Also, using the obtained data and MLAB software, ternary interaction parameters for Ga-In-Sb system were determined.


2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Maryana Zagula-Yavorska ◽  
Jolanta Romanowska ◽  
Sławomir Kotowski ◽  
Jan Sieniawski

AbstractThermodynamic properties of ternary Al-Ni-Pd system, such as exGAlNPd, µAl(AlNiPd),µNi(AlNiPd) and µPd(AlNiPd) at 1,373 K, were predicted on the basis of thermodynamic properties of binary systems included in the investigated ternary system. The idea of predicting exGAlNiPd values was regarded as calculation of values of the exG function inside a certain area (a Gibbs triangle) unless all boundary conditions, that is values of exG on all legs of the triangle are known (exGAlNi, exGAlPd, exGNiPd). This approach is contrary to finding a function value outside a certain area, if the function value inside this area is known. exG and LAl,Ni,Pd ternary interaction parameters in the Muggianu extension of the Redlich–Kister formalism were calculated numerically using the Excel program and Solver. The accepted values of the third component xx differed from 0.01 to 0.1 mole fraction. Values of LAlNiPd parameters in the Redlich–Kister formula are different for different xx values, but values of thermodynamic functions: exGAlNiPd, µAl(AlNiPd), µNi(AlNiPd) and µPd(AlNiPd) do not differ significantly for different xx values. The choice of xx value does not influence the accuracy of calculations.


2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz T. F. Eleno ◽  
Cláudio G. Schön

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Marta Romay ◽  
Nazely Diban ◽  
Ane Urtiaga

The effect of the temperature, as a process variable in the fabrication of polymeric membranes by the non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) technique, has been scarcely studied. In the present work, we studied the influence of temperature, working at 293, 313 and 333 K, on the experimental binodal curves of four ternary systems composed of PVDF and PES as the polymers, DMAc and NMP as the solvents and water as the non-solvent. The increase of the temperature caused an increase on the solubility gap of the ternary system, as expected. The shift of the binodal curve with the temperature was more evident in PVDF systems than in PES systems indicating the influence of the rubbery or glassy state of the polymer on the thermodynamics of phase separation. As a novelty, the present work has introduced the temperature influence on the Flory–Huggins model to fit the experimental cloud points. Binary interaction parameters were calculated as a function of the temperature: (i) non-solvent/solvent (g12) expressions with UNIFAC-Dortmund methodology and (ii) non-solvent/polymer (χ13) and solvent/polymer (χ23) using Hansen solubility parameters. Additionally, the effect of the ternary interaction term was not negligible in the model. Estimated ternary interaction parameters (χ123) presented a linear relation with temperature and negative values, indicating that the solubility of the polymers in mixtures of solvent/non-solvent was higher than expected for single binary interaction. Finally, PES ternary systems exhibited higher influence of the ternary interaction parameter than PVDF systems.


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