Describing Subjective Infinitive Constructions in Lexicographic Sources (on the Example of the Udmurt)

The work is devoted to the actual problem of modern Udmurt lexicography – the issues of lexicography of combinations of a subject with an infinitive. The research material was composed of dictionaries of the Udmurt language. The work is based on a descriptive method. The purpose of the work is to study the transmission in Udmurt dictionaries of verb combinations expressing emotional and mental states and physiological phenomena in the form of infinitive combinations «subject + infinitive» and to suggest acceptable ways of their design. Udmurt lexicography has come a long way since its inception and achieved certain success. However, due to the lack of continuous work in this area, many problems remain unresolved. One of these problems is the registration in dictionaries of combinations associated with the expression of emotional and mental states and physiological phenomena. In living speech, such constructions often consist of a grammatical subject (yyr ‘head’, kӧt ‘belly’, lul ‘soul; breath’, vir ‘blood’, etc.) and a conjugated form of the verb, for example: yyr kur lue ‘me angry’, kӧt kurekte ‘I’m sad’, vir pote ‘blood flows, oozes’. In the Soviet period, the tradition of presenting verbs in dictionary entries in the form of an infinitive (affix -ny) was established in the Udmurt lexicography. Along with the publication of new dictionaries, the number of structures of the «subject + infinitive» type gradually began to increase, although the subject cannot enter into a syntactic connection with the infinitive, and such structures are not found in living speech. The paper describes possible ways to solve the problem under study, while for different groups of structures, slightly different solution models are proposed.

Mass action model of solution activity via speciation by solvation and ion pairing equilibria

Solutes and their concentrations influence many natural and anthropogenic solution processes. Electrolyte and solution models are used to quantify and predict such behavior. Here we present a mechanistic solution model based on mass action equilibria. Solvation and ion pairing are used to model speciated solute and solvent concentrations such that they correlate to a solution’s vapor pressure (solvent activity) according to Raoult’s law from dilute conditions to saturation. This model introduces a hydration equilibrium constant (Kha) that is used with either an ion dissociation constant (Kid) or a hydration modifier (m) with an experimentally determined ion dissociation constant, as adjustable parameters to fit vapor–liquid equilibrium data. The modeled solvation equilibria are accompanied by molecular dynamics (MD) studies that support a decline in the observed degree of solvation with increased concentration. MD calculations indicate this finding is a combination of a solvent that solvates multiple solutes, and changes in a solute’s solvation sphere, with the dominant factor changing with concentration. This speciation-based solution model is lateral to established electrostatics-based electrolyte theories. With its basis in mass action, the model can directly relate experimental data to the modeled solute and solvent speciated concentrations and structures.

Power Control for Cognitive Radio Networks: A Game Theoretic Approach

In communication industry one of the most rapidly growing area is wireless technology and its applications. The efficient access to radio spectrum is a requirement to make this communication feasible for the users that are running multimedia applications and establishing real-time connections on an already overcrowded spectrum. In recent times cognitive radios (CR) are becoming the prime candidates for improved utilization of available spectrum. The unlicensed secondary users share the spectrum with primary licensed user in such manners that the interference at the primary user does not increase from a predefined threshold. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to address the power control problem for CR networks. The proposed solution models the wireless system with a non-cooperative game, in which each player maximize its utility in a competitive environment. The simulation results shows that the proposed algorithm improves the performance of the network in terms of high SINR and low power consumption.

Notes on the creation and manipulation of solid solution models

A large class of solid solution models are formulated on the premise that exchange of chemical species takes place on a finite number of unique crystallographic sites, and that the thermodynamic properties of the solution are a function of the proportions of species occupying each of the sites. These models are broadly classified as being of Bragg–Williams-type. They form an excellent first order approximation of non-ideal mixing and long-range order. In this article we present the mathematical framework common to all Bragg–Williams models, introducing necessary concepts from geometry, set theory and linear algebra. We combine this with a set of mathematical tools which we have found useful in building and using such models. We include several worked examples to illustrate key concepts and provide general expressions which can be used for all models. This paper is split into two parts. In the first part, we show how the valences of the species occupying each site and the total charge of the species involved in site exchange are sufficient to define the space of valid site occupancies of a solid solution, and to compute the endmembers bounding that space. We show that this space can be visualised as a polytope, i.e, an n-dimensional polyhedron, and we describe the relationship between site-occupancy space and compositional space. In the second part of the paper, we present the linear algebra required to transform descriptions of modified van Laar and subregular solution models from one independent endmember basis to another. The same algebra can also be used to derive macroscopic endmember interactions from microscopic site interactions. This algebra is useful both in the initial design of solution models, and when performing thermodynamic calculations in restricted chemical subsystems. A polytope description of solid solutions is used in the thermodynamic software packages Perple_X and burnman. The algorithms described in this paper are made available as python code.

Design and analysis of a new frame-foot wall-climbing robot

This paper designs and develops a new type of frame-foot wall-climbing robot structure. According to the bionic principle, a new parallel telescopic leg structure is proposed, and the 3D design of the overall structure of the wall-climbing robot is completed. Secondly, the kinematics analysis of the robot is carried out, and the forward and inverse solution models of the leg structure position are completed to verify the feasibility of the leg structure stability. Based on the polynomial motion equations, the robot motion planning and gait design are established, and the speed and acceleration change graphs of the leg structure slider are obtained, which avoids the rigid impact between the parts, and realizes the alternate adsorption and continuous movement of the robot legs, which the rationality of the legs structure design and the stability of the movement are verified. Through simulation and experimental results, it is shown that during the robot’s movement, the leg structure can adjust the step distance and step height according to obstacles, so as to achieve the expected obstacle crossing goal. The leg structure is adjusted according to the working environment to ensure that the fuselage and the working surface are always kept parallel to improve the stability of the overall structure.

Symmetric and Asymmetric Data in Solution Models

This Special Issue covers symmetric and asymmetric data that occur in real-life problems. We invited authors to submit their theoretical or experimental research to present engineering and economic problem solution models that deal with symmetry or asymmetry of different data types. The Special Issue gained interest in the research community and received many submissions. After rigorous scientific evaluation by editors and reviewers, seventeen papers were accepted and published. The authors proposed different solution models, mainly covering uncertain data in multi-criteria decision-making problems as complex tools to balance the symmetry between goals, risks, and constraints to cope with the complicated problems in engineering or management. Therefore, we invite researchers interested in the topics to read the papers provided in the Special Issue.

Company transition from selling goods to selling solutions

Accelerating digitalization of the economy and changing pandemic-driven consumer trends provide companies with opportunities for a complete customer satisfaction by using solutions. This work aims to consider the formation of a solution as the basis for the servitization of a company. The analysis of academic and consulting literature on solution and servitization concepts was used as a research method. The paper proposes an approach to define the concept of solution as an offer. Two types of sales using solutions have been determined: solution selling and outcome selling. The definition of an outcome-oriented solution is provided. Based on this definition and the key features of a solution, a solution creation model is formed which includes the following components: the key elements and characteristics, the nature of the problem, joint value creation, and outcome orientation. The paper develops a model of the servitization process and compares the categories of goods, services, and solutions taking into account the development of the concept of ecosystems. Researchers can use the findings to build solution models and develop the outcome component of a solution. Practitioners can use the results to make the company transition from selling goods to selling solutions.