Pond density as a determinant of aquatic species richness in an urban landscape

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1219-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Gledhill ◽  
Philip James ◽  
David H. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Aquatic Species

scholarly journals Study on Urban Landscape Green Space -- A Case Study of Longquanshan Park

2021 ◽  
Vol 272 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Huan Dai ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Yan Zeng ◽  
Xinyang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Evergreen Species ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Shrub Layer ◽  
Tree Layer ◽  
Deciduous Shrubs ◽  
Forest Parks ◽  
Richness Index

Studying on Qinglongshan Forest Park in Wuhan by typical plot method, 15 typical plots in the park were investigated, and the species richness index, diversity index, evenness index, frequency and important value index were calculated. The results showed that there were 139 species of woody plants belonging to 46 families and 97 genera, including 41 species of evergreen trees, 32 species of deciduous trees, 62 species of evergreen shrubs, 25 species of deciduous shrubs, and 4 species of bamboo belonging to 1 family, 3 genera. Species richness index and Simpson diversity index were all expressed as tree layer > shrub layer, evergreen species > deciduous species. Pielou evenness was tree layer > shrub layer. This study can provide some reference for understanding the existing plant status of forest parks, carrying out science popularization, scientific research, protection and improvement of forest landscape quality.

Contrasting patterns in species richness of birds, butterflies and plants along riparian corridors in an urban landscape

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 742-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Dallimer ◽  
James R. Rouquette ◽  
Andrew M. J. Skinner ◽  
Paul R. Armsworth ◽  
Lorraine M. Maltby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Riparian Corridors

scholarly journals Trends in nonindigenous aquatic species richness in the United States reveal shifting spatial and temporal patterns of species introductions

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mangiante ◽  
Amy Davis ◽  
Stephanie Panlasigui ◽  
Matthew Neilson ◽  
Ian Pfingsten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Species Introductions ◽  
Nonindigenous Aquatic Species

scholarly journals Butterfly biodiversity in the city is driven by the interaction of the urban landscape and species traits: a call for contextualised management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clàudia Pla-Narbona ◽  
Constantí Stefanescu ◽  
Joan Pino ◽  
Francisco J. Cabrero-Sañudo ◽  
Enrique García-Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Mobile Species ◽  
The City

Abstract Context Urbanisation is an environmental filter for many species that leads to community homogenisation, with a few species inhabiting isolated patches (e.g. public and private gardens and parks) embedded within the urban landscape. Promoting biodiversity in urban areas requires understanding which species traits allow species to survive the urban landscape. Objectives The objective of this study was to assess how species traits and landscape factors combine to allow species functional groups to live in the city. Methods We used butterfly count data collected by volunteers in 24 gardens of Barcelona city, during 2018 and 2019. Species were clustered in functional groups according to their traits. We applied a multinomial choice model to test for the effect of the landscape on the different functional groups. Results Three functional groups became prevalent in the city while a fourth, containing most sedentary specialist species, was filtered out. Although the observed groups had similar species richness, abundances varied depending on urban landscape characteristics. Specialist sedentary specialists and medium mobile species were all favoured by patch connectivity; while the presence of mobile generalist species was only enhanced by habitat quality. Our results indicate that butterfly communities are more diverse in highly connected gardens. Conclusions Our study highlights the need of contextualised management with actions accounting for the species functional groups, rather than a management focused on general species richness. It demonstrates that urban landscape planning must focus on improving connectivity inside the city in order to diversify the community composition.

scholarly journals The costs of urban living: human–wildlife interactions increase parasite risk and self-directed behaviour in urban vervet monkeys

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet R Thatcher ◽  
Colleen T Downs ◽  
Nicola F Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Urban Wildlife ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Urban Living ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Shannon’S Diversity Index ◽  
Human Primate

Abstract The urban landscape is a complex mosaic of costs and benefits for urban wildlife. Although many species may adapt and thrive in the urban mosaic, the complexity of this landscape can be stressful and have health implications for urban wildlife, raising concerns for zoonosis and biodiversity. In this study, we assessed how human–primate interactions influenced parasite risk and anxiety-related behaviour of urban vervet monkeys in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Over 1 year, we collected and analysed faecal samples, assessing eggs per gram, species richness, and Shannon’s diversity index. In addition, using behavioural sampling, we recorded self-directed scratching behaviour, as an indicator of anxiety, and human–primate interactions, both positive (human-food consumption) and negative (human–monkey aggression). To assess parasite risk in the urban mosaic, we ran three models with our parasite measures as dependent variables. Results showed that negative human interactions significantly increased with eggs per gram, species richness, and Shannon’s diversity index and positive human interactions increased with both eggs per gram and species richness. Furthermore, eggs per gram significantly increased with higher scratching rate. We also tested the relationship between scratching and human interactions, finding that scratching significantly increased under higher rates of negative human incidents. Overall, results suggest that there are costs to urban living that increase anxiety-related behaviour and parasite risk despite increased food availability. Our findings are important for developing effective management strategies that focus on cohabitation rather than conflict, for the benefit of human and wildlife health.

Environmental drivers of parasite load and species richness in introduced parakeets in an urban landscape

2018 ◽  
Vol 117 (11) ◽  
pp. 3591-3599 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ancillotto ◽  
V. Studer ◽  
T. Howard ◽  
V. S. Smith ◽  
E. McAlister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Environmental Drivers

Tolerant and avoiders in an urban landscape: anuran species richness and functional groups responses in the Yungas’ forest of NW Argentina

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura C. Pereyra ◽  
M. S. Akmentins ◽  
M. J. Salica ◽  
M. F. Quiroga ◽  
C. E. Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Anuran Species

scholarly journals An investigation of urban bat ecology in Baltimore, Maryland

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ela Sita Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Baltimore County ◽  
Vacant Lots ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Variables ◽  
Neighborhood Scale

In North America, bats are a taxon of concern that play an important role in insect control, and their response to urbanization varies. I wanted to discover if evaluating environmental and socioeconomic variables present in an urban landscape can help determine what bat species were present and how active these species were. Research occurred in Baltimore, Maryland, a 'shrinking' city in the eastern US, which had no prior research on the bat community. For my first project, I used active acoustic monitoring to evaluate how bat activity levels (amount of detected acoustic sequences) and the bat community varied along both a direct and indirect rural to urban gradient. Nine sites along the Gwynns Falls watershed in Baltimore County and City were used the gradient. Over 1,500 sequences (detection files) were recorded from six species and I found that the direct and indirect measures of urbanization gradient used are not a predictor of bat presence and activity. For my next project I used passive acoustic monitoring to record bat activity at 32 vacant lots within Baltimore City to determine which environmental and socioeconomic variables best predict bat species richness and activity at these small, informal, understudied urban greenspaces. Environmental and socioeconomic data was obtained using on-site measures, GIS, and US Census data. There were no predictors for overall species richness. Canopy-associated measures at both the site and neighborhood scale, streetlights, site distance from water and the urban core, residential race and income, old housing, and rental housing were all common predictors of bat species' activity levels. Species relationships with these predictors varied and some species had additional predictors, suggesting that bats use the urban landscape to different degrees. Some larger lots could potentially be managed to have vegetation structural complexity (allowing both canopy cover and open space to accommodate bat species with different traits), but many lots are too small to do this. Vacant lots closer to water and larger patches of forests have the most potential to be managed for bats.

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