scholarly journals Being Human in the Age of the Brain: Models of Mind and Their Social Effects

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Davis ◽  
Paul Scherz
Keyword(s):  
Social Effects ◽  
Brain Models ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Transneuronal Propagation of Pathologic α-Synuclein from the Gut to the Brain Models Parkinson’s Disease

Neuron ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-641.e7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangjune Kim ◽  
Seung-Hwan Kwon ◽  
Tae-In Kam ◽  
Nikhil Panicker ◽  
Senthilkumar S. Karuppagounder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Brain Models ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Working Models and the Synthetic Method

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-34
Author(s):  
Peter Asaro
Keyword(s):  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Synthetic Method ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Working Models ◽  
Brain Sciences ◽  
Brain Models ◽  
Material Power ◽  
The Brain

This article examines the construction of electronic brain models in the 1940s as an instance of “working models” in science. It argues that the best way to understand the scientific role of these synthetic brains is through combining aspects of the “models as mediators” approach (Morgan and Morrison, 1999) and the “synthetic method” (Cordeschi, 2002). Taken together these approaches allow a fuller understanding of how working models functioned within the brain sciences of the time. This combined approach to understanding models is applied to an investigation of two electronic brains built in the late 1940s, the Homeostat of W. Ross Ashby, and the Tortoise of W. Grey Walter. It also examines the writings of Ashby, a psychiatrist and leading proponent of the synthetic brain models, and Walter, a brain electro-physiologist, and their ideas on the pragmatic values of such models. I conclude that rather than mere toys or publicity stunts, these electronic brains are best understood by considering the roles they played as mediators between disparate theories of brain function and animal behavior, and their combined metaphorical and material power.

scholarly journals Multilayer Network Approach in EEG Motor Imagery with an Adaptive Threshold

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 8305
Author(s):  
César Covantes-Osuna ◽  
Jhonatan B. López ◽  
Omar Paredes ◽  
Hugo Vélez-Pérez ◽  
Rebeca Romo-Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Adaptive Threshold ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Multilayer Network ◽  
Brain Models ◽  
The Brain

The brain has been understood as an interconnected neural network generally modeled as a graph to outline the functional topology and dynamics of brain processes. Classic graph modeling is based on single-layer models that constrain the traits conveyed to trace brain topologies. Multilayer modeling, in contrast, makes it possible to build whole-brain models by integrating features of various kinds. The aim of this work was to analyze EEG dynamics studies while gathering motor imagery data through single-layer and multilayer network modeling. The motor imagery database used consists of 18 EEG recordings of four motor imagery tasks: left hand, right hand, feet, and tongue. Brain connectivity was estimated by calculating the coherence adjacency matrices from each electrophysiological band (δ, θ, α and β) from brain areas and then embedding them by considering each band as a single-layer graph and a layer of the multilayer brain models. Constructing a reliable multilayer network topology requires a threshold that distinguishes effective connections from spurious ones. For this reason, two thresholds were implemented, the classic fixed (average) one and Otsu’s version. The latter is a new proposal for an adaptive threshold that offers reliable insight into brain topology and dynamics. Findings from the brain network models suggest that frontal and parietal brain regions are involved in motor imagery tasks.

scholarly journals TemplateFlow: FAIR-sharing of multi-scale, multi-species brain models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rastko Ciric ◽  
William Thompson ◽  
Romy Lorenz ◽  
Mathias Goncalves ◽  
Eilidh MacNicol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Access Management ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Brain Models ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fair Sharing ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Reference anatomies of the brain and corresponding atlases play a central role in experimental neuroimaging workflows and are the foundation for reporting standardized results. The choice of such references —i.e., templates— and atlases is one relevant source of methodological variability across studies, which has recently been brought to attention as an important challenge to reproducibility in neuroscience. TemplateFlow is a publicly available framework for human and nonhuman brain models. The framework combines an open database with software for access, management, and vetting, allowing scientists to distribute their resources under FAIR —findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable— principles. TemplateFlow supports a multifaceted insight into brains across species, and enables multiverse analyses testing whether results generalize across standard references, scales, and in the long term, species, thereby contributing to increasing the reliability of neuroimaging results.

scholarly journals Brain physiome: A concept bridging in vitro 3D brain models and in silico models for predicting drug toxicity in the brain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoojin Seo ◽  
Seokyoung Bang ◽  
Jeongtae Son ◽  
Dongsup Kim ◽  
Yong Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
Brain Models ◽  
In Silico Models ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Examining interpersonal self-transcendence as a potential mechanism linking meditation and social outcomes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoona Kang
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Meditation Practice ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Social Signals ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
The Brain

Distinct types of meditation practice addressed in this review can help cultivate skills people may bring to later social interactions. We examine self-transcendence, or the drive to benefit others beyond the self, as a key mechanism through which meditation may promote positive social outcomes. Self-transcendence cultivated through various styles of meditation can impact social outcomes through two main pathways: First, self-transcendence can turn rigid, defensive self-focus into flexible and receptive self-construals. Second, it can increase positive other-focus by integrating reward and social signals in the brain. These accounts offer one practical solution of positively transforming social relations and highlight potential usefulness of considering self-transcendence in researching social effects of meditation.

scholarly journals The Prospects of Whole Brain Emulation within the next Half- Century

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Eth ◽  
Juan-Carlos Foust ◽  
Brandon Whale
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Neural Data ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Whole Brain Emulation (WBE), the theoretical technology of modeling a human brain in its entirety on a computer-thoughts, feelings, memories, and skills intact-is a staple of science fiction. Recently, proponents of WBE have suggested that it will be realized in the next few decades. In this paper, we investigate the plausibility of WBE being developed in the next 50 years (by 2063). We identify four essential requisite technologies: scanning the brain, translating the scan into a model, running the model on a computer, and simulating an environment and body. Additionally, we consider the cultural and social effects of WBE. We find the two most uncertain factors for WBE’s future to be the development of advanced miniscule probes that can amass neural data in vivo and the degree to which the culture surrounding WBE becomes cooperative or competitive. We identify four plausible scenarios from these uncertainties and suggest the most likely scenario to be one in which WBE is realized, and the technology is used for moderately cooperative ends

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