scholarly journals Development and validation of a storm surge forecasting/hindcasting modelling system for the extensive Río de la Plata Estuary and its adjacent Continental Shelf

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 2231-2259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matías G. Dinápoli ◽  
Claudia G. Simionato ◽  
Diego Moreira
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Burone ◽  
Paula Franco-Fraguas ◽  
Michel Mahiques ◽  
Leonardo Ortega

The Uruguayan Continental Margin is located in a strategic location of great relevance to understand the dynamics of the regional and global climate and to study the sedimentary processes. The Río de la Plata represents the largest fluvial discharge of the Southwest Atlantic (23.000 m3/s of water and 57.000.000 m3/year of sediment for the South Atlantic Ocean). The sub-surface and deep circulation are characterized by the confluence of water masses with contrasting thermohaline characteristics that determine the formation of well-marked hydrological fronts. In the continental shelf, this characteristic is represented by the Subtropical Shelf Front, as a shallow extension of the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence that occurs in deep water off the shelf. Although the knowledge of the regional circulation is acceptable, there are significant gaps in the knowledge related to the influence of this complex hydrological system on sedimentation processes. The objective of this work is to synthesize the present knowledge about the morpho-sedimentary characteristics of the Uruguayan Continental Margin and the processes involved in its formation. It also aims to discuss some knowledge gaps that are the subject of current research in the region. The knowledge reflects the scientific-technological evolution at a global level that is translated in the increase of recent works on the continental slope. Nowadays, most of the available information is associated with the inner shelf and upper slope. Starting from the basis of the close relationship between bathymetry and sedimentological distribution it is clear that efforts should be concentrated on the better understanding of the interaction between the shelf and the slope. The scientific knowledge regarding sedimentology and geochemistry along the Uruguayan Continental Margin is still, scarce and heterogeneous. However, it indicates complexity in the sedimentary coverture present both in the continental shelf and slope. The Uruguayan Continental Margin can be considered as an in situ laboratory to improve the understanding of the influence of oceanic hydrodynamics on the margin configuration, a key point to achieve better paleoceanographic interpretations. In this sense, due to the complexity of both modern hydrology and morphological configuration of the margin, it would be interesting to understand the relative importance of the control of each environment on surface sedimentation. A better understanding of the processes that link the near bottom circulation and continental slope features is needed. At the same time, this will allow deepening a new field of research in Uruguay, considering the joint and interrelated vision between sedimentary and oceanographic processes. ResumoA Margem Continental do Uruguai está localizada num local estratégico de grande relevância para entender a dinâmica do clima regional e global e para estudar os processos sedimentares. O Río de la Plata representa a maior descarga fluvial do Atlântico Sudoeste (23.000 m3/s de água e 57.000.000 m3/ano de sedimento para o Oceano Atlântico Sul). A circulação de subsuperfície e profunda são caracterizadas pela confluência de massas de água com características termohalinas contrastantes que determinam a formação de frentes hidrográficas bem marcadas. Na plataforma continental, essa característica é representada pela Frente Subtropical da Plataforma, uma extensão rasa da Confluência Brasil-Malvinas que ocorre em águas profundas ao largo da plataforma. Embora seja considerável o conhecimento da circulação regional, existem lacunas significativas no conhecimento da influência deste complexo sistema hidrológico nos processos de sedimentação. O objetivo deste trabalho é sintetizar o conhecimento atual sobre as características morfo-sedimentares da Margem Continental Uruguaia e os processos envolvidos na sua formação. Também pretende discutir algumas lacunas de conhecimento que são objeto de pesquisas atuais na região. O conhecimento reflete a evolução científico-tecnológica a nível global, que se traduz no aumento de trabalhos recentes na vertente continental. Atualmente, a maior parte da informação disponível está associada à plataforma continental interna e ao talude continental superior. Partindo da base da estreita relação entre a batimetria e a distribuição sedimentológica, torna-se claro que os esforços devem ser concentrados na melhor compreensão da interação entre a plataforma e o talude continental. O conhecimento científico sobre sedimentologia e geoquímica ao longo da Margem Continental do Uruguai é ainda escasso e heterogêneo. No entanto, os dados existentes indicam que a cobertura sedimentar presente tanto na plataforma quanto no talude continental é complexa. A Margem Continental do Uruguai pode ser considerada um laboratório in situ para melhorar a compreensão da influência da hidrodinâmica oceânica na configuração da margem, ponto chave para se obterem melhores interpretações paleoceanográficas. Nesse sentido, devido à complexidade da hidrologia moderna e da configuração morfológica da margem, seria interessante entender a importância relativa do controle de cada ambiente sobre a sedimentação superficial. É necessário um melhor entendimento dos processos que ligam as características de circulação próxima do continente à que ocorre no talude continental. Este conhecimento permitirá aprofundar um novo campo de pesquisa no Uruguai, considerando a visão conjunta e inter-relacionada entre processos sedimentares e oceanográficos. 


2017 ◽  
Vol 175 (5) ◽  
pp. 1739-1753 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Oreiro ◽  
H. Wziontek ◽  
M. M. E. Fiore ◽  
E. E. D’Onofrio ◽  
C. Brunini

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Mourelle ◽  
Laura Perez ◽  
Till Jens Jörg Hanebuth ◽  
Hendrik Lantzsch ◽  
Felipe García-Rodríguez

In order to strengthen and update knowledge on climatic, environmental and oceanographic changes on the inner Uruguayan continental shelf, we studied pollen, dinocyst and other non-pollen palynomorph assemblages on the sediment core GeoB13813-4. This core was taken from the mud depocenter and its remarkable high sedimentation rate for the last ca. 1000 yr cal BP reflects the high terrigenous supply from the Rio de la Plata (RdlP). Most pollen and spores are originated from the RdlP grasslands, the vegetation that covers the lower reaches of the La Plata Drainage Basin (LPDB). They mainly represent the regionally dominant grasslands, but also the riparian forests, Butia yatay palm populations, and the herbaceous-bushy marshes around the mouth of the estuary. Pollen from salt marshes, Atlantic rainforest, and Araucaria forests located in southern Brazil reached the study site, probably transported by coastal ocean currents, whereas pollen from Andean regions would represent a long-distance transport by wind. Changes in both proportion and concentration of freshwater and marine palynomorphs indicate variability in freshwater input to the inner Uruguayan shelf. From ca. 1000 to 230 yr cal BP, significant marine influence of Subtropical Shelf Waters (STSW) was inferred, which was diluted by the freshwater supply from the Uruguayan mainland. This time interval was interrupted between ca. 690 to 575 yr cal BP by an increased freshwater contribution to the study area under the influence of Subantarctic Shelf Waters (SASW). From ca. 230 to 25 yr cal BP, a strong influence of RdlP waters was detected, only followed by another phase of dominant STSW during the past century. Such changes were related to regional climatic variability, i.e., Medieval Climate Anomaly, Little Ice Age and Current Warm Period. After ca. 1960 AD, the anthropogenic impact within the LPDB was clearly evidenced both by eutrophication and the first occurrence of Pinus pollen.ResumoA fim de melhorar e atualizar o conhecimento sobre mudanças climáticas, ambientais e oceanográficas na Plataforma Continental Uruguaia, foi estudado o pólen, os dinocistos e outras associações de palinomorfos não polínicos no testemunho de sedimentos GeoB13813-4. Este testemunho foi recolhido no depósito lodoso e a sua taxa de sedimentação durante os últimos ≈1000 anos antes do presente (BP; before present) reflete o elevado contributo terrígeno do Río de la Plata (RdlP) á área de estudo. Os resultados obtidos revelam que a maioria dos pólenes e esporos é originária das pastagens e da vegetação que cobre o curso inferior da Bacia de Drenagem do Río de la Plata (LPDB). Representam principalmente as pastagens, as quais são regionalmente dominantes, mas também matas ciliares, populações da palmeira Butia yatay e sapais herbáceos ao redor da foz do estuário. Pólen de sapais, Mata Atlântica e florestas de Araucária localizadas no sul do Brasil chegaram ao local de estudo, provavelmente transportados por correntes oceânicas costeiras. O pólen das regiões andinas poderá representar um transporte de longa distância pelo vento. Mudanças na proporção e concentração de palinomorfos de água doce e marinhos indicam variabilidade na entrada de água doce na plataforma continental interna uruguaia. Entre ≈1000-230 anos BP, os dados indicam a ocorrência de uma significativa influência marinha das Águas Subtropicais da Plataforma (STSW), misturadas com água doce do continente uruguaio. Este intervalo foi marcado, entre ≈690-575 anos BP, com uma maior contribuição de água doce para a área de estudo sob a influência de Águas Subantárticas (SASW). Entre ≈230-25 anos BP, foi detectada uma forte influência das águas do RdlP. Esta fase foi seguida, durante o século passado, por outra em que as STSW foram dominantes. Tais mudanças poderão ter sido causadas pela variabilidade climática regional, ou seja, Anomalia Climática Medieval, Pequena Idade do Gelo e Período Quente Atual. Desde ≈1960, o impacto antropogênico no LPDB está claramente evidenciado tanto pela eutrofização quanto pela primeira ocorrência de pólen de Pinus.


2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iran Carlos Stalliviere Corrêa ◽  
Svetlana Medeanic ◽  
Jair Weschenfelder ◽  
Elírio Ernestino Toldo Júnior ◽  
José Carlos Nunes ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT. This paper addresses the characterization of the geomorphology and palaeo-evolution of the La Plata River on the south Brazilian continental shelf,through bathymetric data and sedimentary and palynological analysis from sediment core samples. The analysis allowed us to characterize a transgressive depositionalsequence in the La Plata River palaeo-channel. The palynological sequences revealed continental fresh water environments, that involved into lagoonal and mixohalineenvironments and then into shallow marine environments towards the top, thus characterizing a fluvial-estuarine environment. These new data offer sufficient informationto establish the palaeo-geographic evolution of the La Plata River palaeo-channel and its local influence on the sedimentation of the Rio Grande do Sul Statecontinental shelf.Keywords: palaeo-valley, continental shelf, marine transgression, La Plata River. RESUMO. O presente trabalho trata da evolução e caracterização geomorfológica do paleocanal do rio de La Plata sobre a plataforma continental sul-brasileira.A partir da análise de dados de levantamento batimétrico e da obtenção de testemunhos no paleocanal, coletados para fins de estudo morfológico, sedimentológico epalinológico, foi possível identificar sequências deposicionais transgressivas. Os registros palinológicos evidenciaram ambientes com influência continental de água doce, migrando para lagunar, mixohalino e marinho raso, em direção ao topo dos testemunhos, caracterizando um ambiente fluvio-estuarino. Os resultados obtidoscontribuem para o estabelecimento da evolução paleogeográfica e da influência do paleocanal do rio de La Plata na sedimentação, de parte, da plataforma continentaldo Rio Grande do Sul.Palavras-chave: paleovale, plataforma continental, transgressão marinha, rio de La Plata.


2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Perez ◽  
Felipe García-Rodríguez ◽  
Till J. J. Hanebuth

Abstract. The continental shelf adjacent to the Río de la Plata (RdlP) exhibits extremely complex hydrographic and ecological characteristics which are of great socioeconomic importance. Since the long-term environmental variations related to the atmospheric (wind fields), hydrologic (freshwater plume), and oceanographic (currents and fronts) regimes are little known, the aim of this study is to reconstruct the changes in the terrigenous input into the inner continental shelf during the late Holocene period (associated with the RdlP sediment discharge) and to unravel the climatic forcing mechanisms behind them. To achieve this, we retrieved a 10 m long sediment core from the RdlP mud depocenter at 57 m water depth (GeoB 13813-4). The radiocarbon age control indicated an extremely high sedimentation rate of 0.8 cm per year, encompassing the past 1200 years (AD 750–2000). We used element ratios (Ti  / Ca, Fe / Ca, Ti / Al, Fe / K) as regional proxies for the fluvial input signal and the variations in relative abundance of salinity-indicative diatom groups (freshwater versus marine-brackish) to assess the variability in terrigenous freshwater and sediment discharges. Ti / Ca, Fe / Ca, Ti /  Al, Fe /  K and the freshwater diatom group showed the lowest values between AD 850 and 1300, while the highest values occurred between AD 1300 and 1850. The variations in the sedimentary record can be attributed to the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA), both of which had a significant impact on rainfall and wind patterns over the region. During the MCA, a weakening of the South American summer monsoon system (SAMS) and the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ), could explain the lowest element ratios (indicative of a lower terrigenous input) and a marine-dominated diatom record, both indicative of a reduced RdlP freshwater plume. In contrast, during the LIA, a strengthening of SAMS and SACZ may have led to an expansion of the RdlP river plume to the far north, as indicated by higher element ratios and a marked freshwater diatom signal. Furthermore, a possible multidecadal oscillation probably associated with Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) since AD 1300 reflects the variability in both the SAMS and SACZ systems.


2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Inés Lorenzo ◽  
Juan M. Díaz de Astarloa ◽  
Walter Norbis ◽  
María B Cousseau

Demersal fish assemblages from trawl surveys in the Rio de la Plata estuary and its inner continental shelf were analyzed from 1975 to 1995. The first two factors of Principal Component Analysis explained 48% of the variance in species distribution, and they are consistent with the results of a cluster analysis. The analysis indicated the existence of three spatially and temporally distinct fish assemblages: internal and external estuarine and inner continental shelf (Uruguayan coastal assemblages). These assemblages were persistent considering the environmental characteristics and their species composition. Despite the changes registered in the species density during the period surveyed, the fish assemblages tend to persist over time. It was demonstrated that the assemblages can be considered as open systems and that there exists a reciprocal flow of organisms between adjacent associations. However, each assemblage showed high spatial and temporal persistence in accordance with the environmental characteristics of the system analyzed. Therefore, and according to the multispecies fisheries operating in the system, each assemblage defined could be considered a unit of management.


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