Isolating the influence of ontogeny helps predict island-wide variability in fish otolith chemistry

Fish otolith chemistries are used to associate fishes with specific environments. However, otolith chemistry may also have potential as a tool in phylogenetic research, as demonstrated here in salmoniform fishes and related taxa. Two-dimensional maps of Zn:Ca otolith chemistry displayed annual oscillations in magnitude in members of the Salmoniformes (with salmons differing from whitefishes). These are also detectable in esocids, but not strongly in osmerids or in more distantly related taxa. Further, Zn:Ca magnitudes were highest in salmonids and declined in other taxa: salmonids (salmons, grayling, and whitefishes) > esocids > osmerids > other. We performed spatial analysis on sagittal section Zn:Ca maps, dividing them into five zones and obtaining means within each zone, as well as grand means. Discriminant function analysis of the different otolith zones was better able to separate taxonomic groups, but showed pike grouping more closely with salmonids and osmerids with the out-group. Zn:Ca incorporation in otoliths may be a trait under phylogenetic control, and recent re-ordering of the systematics of Salmoniformes and their sister groups may be supported by otolith Zn:Ca chemistry.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Fish otolith chemistry influenced by exposure to multiple environmental variables.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1027109.326598 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Robyn Hannigan

Keyword(s):

Environmental Variables ◽

Otolith Chemistry ◽

Fish Otolith

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On the morphological variability of Navicula schmassmannii (Bacillariophyta)

Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii ◽

10.31111/nsnr/2010.44.32 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 32-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. I. Genkal ◽

W. G. Kharitonov

Keyword(s):

Morphological Variability ◽

Central Area ◽

Diatom Species ◽

Species Diagnosis ◽

Wide Variability ◽

Ultraoligotrophic Lake

On the basis of the studied materials from the ultraoligotrophic lake Elgygytgyn (Chukotka), a rare for the flora of Russia diatom species Navicula schmassmannii was recorded. In the studied populations of the species a wide variability of morphological quantitative (valve length and width, the number of stria in 10 μm) and qualitative (the shape of the valve and the central area) features was marked. It made the basis for emending of the species diagnosis.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Fish otolith mass asymmetry: morphometry and influence on acoustic functionality.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1025294.297824 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Robyn Hannigan

Keyword(s):

Fish Otolith ◽

Mass Asymmetry

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Derivation of Respiratory Metrics in Health and Asthma; Machine Learning Methodology (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.25178 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Joseph Prinable ◽

Peter Jones ◽

David Boland ◽

Alistair McEwan ◽

Cindy Thamrin

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Reference Signal ◽

Machine Learning Algorithms ◽

Training Dataset ◽

Local Health ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Human Research Ethics ◽

Expiration Time ◽

Wide Variability

BACKGROUND The ability to continuously monitor breathing metrics may have indications for general health as well as respiratory conditions such as asthma. However, few studies have focused on breathing due to a lack of available wearable technologies. OBJECTIVE Examine the performance of two machine learning algorithms in extracting breathing metrics from a finger-based pulse oximeter, which is amenable to long-term monitoring. METHODS Pulse oximetry data was collected from 11 healthy and 11 asthma subjects who breathed at a range of controlled respiratory rates. UNET and Long Short-Term memory (LSTM) algorithms were applied to the data, and results compared against breathing metrics derived from respiratory inductance plethysmography measured simultaneously as a reference. RESULTS The UNET vs LSTM model provided breathing metrics which were strongly correlated with those from the reference signal (all p<0.001, except for inspiratory:expiratory ratio). The following relative mean bias(95% confidence interval) were observed: inspiration time 1.89(-52.95, 56.74)% vs 1.30(-52.15, 54.74)%, expiration time -3.70(-55.21, 47.80)% vs -4.97(-56.84, 46.89)%, inspiratory:expiratory ratio -4.65(-87.18, 77.88)% vs -5.30(-87.07, 76.47)%, inter-breath intervals -2.39(-32.76, 27.97)% vs -3.16(-33.69, 27.36)%, and respiratory rate 2.99(-27.04 to 33.02)% vs 3.69(-27.17 to 34.56)%. CONCLUSIONS Both machine learning models show strongly correlation and good comparability with reference, with low bias though wide variability for deriving breathing metrics in asthma and health cohorts. Future efforts should focus on improvement of performance of these models, e.g. by increasing the size of the training dataset at the lower breathing rates. CLINICALTRIAL Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee (#LNR\16\HAWKE99 ethics approval).

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Emergency Manager Perceptions of the Effectiveness and Limitations of Mass Notification Systems: A Mixed Method Study

Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management ◽

10.1515/jhsem-2019-0070 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

William V. Pelfrey

Keyword(s):

Text Messaging ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Notification System ◽

Emergency Managers ◽

Emergency Manager ◽

Wide Variability ◽

Manager Perceptions ◽

Critical Resource ◽

Multi Method Approach ◽

Method Approach

AbstractDisasters can move quickly. Effective communication is a critical resource that can significantly enhance public safety. A mass notification system (MNS) uses text messaging to inform constituents of crisis, provide recommendations, connect to resources, and has the advantage of speed. Limited research has been conducted on the variables that influence the effectiveness, utilization, and perceptions of MNS. The extant study employs a multi-method approach to advance the scholarly knowledge on MNS. All emergency managers in a state were surveyed on issues of MNS enrollment, utilization, and brand. A subgroup of emergency managers were then interviewed to provide depth to the survey findings. Key findings indicate wide variability in MNS usage, little relationship between population size and enrollment, and a high perceived importance of MNS as a communication modality. Policy implications and recommendations are offered.

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Housing spaces in Europe: a comparative analysis of standards in nine European Countries

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.126 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

M Raffo ◽

L Appolloni ◽

D D'Alessandro

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Indoor Air Pollution ◽

Well Being ◽

European Countries ◽

Living Room ◽

Wide Variability ◽

Economic Trends ◽

Minimum Height ◽

Social Environmental ◽

Housing Standards

Abstract Introduction In recent years, Public Health devoted a growing interest to housing conditions. In particular, housing dimensions and functional characteristics are relevant, mainly considering population ageing and disability. Aim of the study is to compare housing standards of some European countries to analyse their ability to satisfy new population needs. Methodology The dwellings dimensional standards of 9 European countries (Sweden, UK, Denmark, The Netherlands, France, Germany, Portugal, Spain and Italy) are compared. From the websites of the official channels of the various countries the regulations have been downloaded. The standards have been compared. Results A wide variability in the dimensions of room among the standards is observed (e.g. single room: from 9 sqm in Italy, to 7 sqm in France, to the absence of any limit in UK, Germany - Hesse and Denmark). Italian and French regulations define housing dimension considering the room use (eg. bed or living room) and the number of people. The Swedish regulation provides performance requirements and functional indications but does not specify the minimum dimensions of habitable rooms. The rooms' minimum height varies between the standards. In Italy and Portugal, the minimum height of the ceiling is intended to be 2.70 m, while in the other nations the minimum heights vary from 2.60 m in the Netherlands to no limit in UK. Conclusions A diverse approach among European Countries is observed: from a market-oriented logic (e.g., UK), in which minimum dimensions are not defined, to a prescriptive one (Italy), to a functionality-oriented (the Netherlands). The regulations of some Countries are health-oriented especially for most fragile social classes, since, defining larger dimensional standard, they reduce the risk of overcrowding, indoor air pollution and mental distress. However, considering the health, social, environmental and economic trends, many of these standards should be revised. Key messages Optimal housing standards promote the health and well-being of occupants. Healthy housing, healthy people.

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