Patterns and magnitude of Zn:Ca in otoliths support the recent phylogenetic typology of Salmoniformes and their sister groups

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin E. Limburg ◽  
Mikael Elfman
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Otolith Chemistry ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Sagittal Section ◽  
Fish Otolith ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Fish otolith chemistries are used to associate fishes with specific environments. However, otolith chemistry may also have potential as a tool in phylogenetic research, as demonstrated here in salmoniform fishes and related taxa. Two-dimensional maps of Zn:Ca otolith chemistry displayed annual oscillations in magnitude in members of the Salmoniformes (with salmons differing from whitefishes). These are also detectable in esocids, but not strongly in osmerids or in more distantly related taxa. Further, Zn:Ca magnitudes were highest in salmonids and declined in other taxa: salmonids (salmons, grayling, and whitefishes) > esocids > osmerids > other. We performed spatial analysis on sagittal section Zn:Ca maps, dividing them into five zones and obtaining means within each zone, as well as grand means. Discriminant function analysis of the different otolith zones was better able to separate taxonomic groups, but showed pike grouping more closely with salmonids and osmerids with the out-group. Zn:Ca incorporation in otoliths may be a trait under phylogenetic control, and recent re-ordering of the systematics of Salmoniformes and their sister groups may be supported by otolith Zn:Ca chemistry.

Identification of larval Contracaecum osculatum s.l. and Phocascaris sp. (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) from marine fishes by allozyme electrophoresis and discriminant function analysis of morphometric data

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (S1) ◽  
pp. 116-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Brattey
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Newfoundland And Labrador ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Contracaecum Osculatum ◽  
Myoxocephalus Scorpius ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Biochemical markers (allozymes) were used to identify third-stage larvae of nematodes from the Contracaecum osculatum s.l. – Phocascaris sp. complex found in five marine fish species (Hippoglossoides platessoides, Gadus morhua, Mallotus villosus, Myoxocephalus scorpius, Pleuronectes americanus) collected off Newfoundland and Labrador. Three taxonomic groups, genetically identical to adult C. osculatum A, C. osculatum B, and Phocascaris sp. previously reported from North Atlantic seals, were found. Among the 859 larvae examined, C. osculatum B was most common (74.2%), particularly in H. platessoides (79.4% of 501 larvae), G. morhua (88.8% of 160), M. scorpius (87.5% of 32), and P. americanus (100.0% of 20), but Phocascaris sp. was more numerous in M. villosus (66.4% of 146). Contracaecum osculatum A was found only in H. platessoides (15% of 501). Discriminant function analysis revealed differences in shape among the nematode species. Larvae of Phocascaris sp. and C. osculatum B can generally be distinguished using three measurements and classified according to coefficients for quadratic discriminant functions, but larvae of C. osculatum A could not be reliably distinguished from the other two species. A simpler, more rapid method of screening biochemical markers, employing a cellulose acetate support medium, is also described.

Diagnoses Generated by Numerical Taxonomic Methods Applied to Standard Blood Variables

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
L. A. Abbott ◽  
J. B. Mitton
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Infectious Hepatitis ◽  
Components Analysis

Data taken from the blood of 262 patients diagnosed for malabsorption, elective cholecystectomy, acute cholecystitis, infectious hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, or chronic renal disease were analyzed with three numerical taxonomy (NT) methods : cluster analysis, principal components analysis, and discriminant function analysis. Principal components analysis revealed discrete clusters of patients suffering from chronic renal disease, liver cirrhosis, and infectious hepatitis, which could be displayed by NT clustering as well as by plotting, but other disease groups were poorly defined. Sharper resolution of the same disease groups was attained by discriminant function analysis.

scholarly journals Description of Echolocation Call Parameters for Urban Bats in Vietnam as a Step Towards a More Integrated Acoustic Monitoring of Urban Wildlife in Southeast Asia

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Long Kim Pham ◽  
Bang Van Tran ◽  
Quy Tan Le ◽  
Trung Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Christian C. Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Echolocation Call ◽  
Echolocation Calls ◽  
Pilot Work ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

This study is the first step towards more systematic monitoring of urban bat fauna in Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries by collecting bat echolocation call parameters in Ho Chi Minh and Tra Vinh cities. We captured urban bats and then recorded echolocation calls after releasing in a tent. Additional bat’s echolocation calls from the free-flying bats were recorded at the site where we captured bat. We used the obtained echolocation call parameters for a discriminant function analysis to test the accuracy of classifying these species based on their echolocation call parameters. Data from this pilot work revealed a low level of diversity for the studied bat assemblages. Additionally, the discriminant function analysis successfully classified bats to four bat species with an accuracy of >87.4%. On average, species assignments were correct for all calls from Taphozous melanopogon (100% success rate), for 70% of calls from Pipistrellus javanicus, for 80.8% of calls from Myotis hasseltii and 67.3% of calls from Scotophilus kuhlii. Our study comprises the first quantitative description of echolocation call parameters for urban bats of Vietnam. The success in classifying urban bats based on their echolocation call parameters provides a promising baseline for monitoring the effect of urbanization on bat assemblages in Vietnam and potentially also other Southeast Asian countries.

Mineralogy of Egyptian Bentonitic Clays I: Discriminant Function Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Agha ◽  
Ray E. Ferrell ◽  
George F. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis

Using discriminant function analysis to identify Holocene tephras based on magnetite composition: a case study from the Sunwapta Pass area, Jasper National Park

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 804-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Beaudoin ◽  
R. H. King
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
National Park ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
Jasper National Park ◽  
Multivariate Method ◽  
Reference Samples

The magnetite composition from three sets of samples of Mazama, St. Helens set Y, and Bridge River tephras from Jasper and Banff national parks are used to test whether discriminant function analysis can unambiguously distinguish these tephras. The multivariate method is found to be very sensitive to the change in reference samples. St. Helens set Y tephra is clearly distinguished. However, discrimination between Mazama and Bridge River tephras is less distinct. A set of unknown tephras from the Sunwapta Pass area was used to test the classification schemes. Unknown tephras are assigned to different tephra types depending on which reference tephra set is used in the discriminant function analysis.

Measurement of Informal Selection Processes

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-436
Author(s):  
Rayman W. Bortner
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Step Down ◽  
Eligibility Requirements ◽  
Additional Reference

When statements of formal eligibility requirements fail to account for the characteristics of institutional populations, there is a tendency to resort to speculative explanations. This study examined some methods for empirical evaluations of these speculative notions. Univariate and step-down analyses did not aid in conceptualizing informal selection processes in this study; a discriminant function analysis seemed to provide an adequate approach to a synthesis. The method was illustrated by examining definable subsamples in a VA domiciliary which were compared with a non-institutional, community sample; means of the standardization samples for the tests used provided additional reference points for comparison. For these particular subsamples from this institution, alterations in self concept appeared to provide the single unifying theme which best integrated the diverse differences among the groups.

Estimating Suicide Risk among Attempted Suicides: I. the Development of New Clinical Scales

1982 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Pallis ◽  
A. B. Levey ◽  
J. S. Jenkins ◽  
P. Sainsbury ◽  
B. M. Barraclough
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Social Data ◽  
Clinical Scales ◽  
Two Samples

SummaryA discriminant function analysis was carried out to separate a sample of 75 suicides from a sample of 146 attempted suicides, on which comprehensive clinical and social data were recorded on an identical schedule. Two sets of discriminating items (with 18 and 6 variables) correctly classified 91 per cent and 83 per cent of the two samples in their respective groups. The results provide a basis for examining the usefulness of these variables as predictors of future suicide in people who have attempted suicide.

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