scholarly journals Correction to: On atomic composition as identity

Synthese ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Loss
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Composition ◽  
Composition As Identity

A chemoinformatic analysis of atoms, scaffolds and functional groups in natural products

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joelle Ngo Hanna ◽  
Boris D. Bekono ◽  
Luc C. O. Owono ◽  
Flavien A. A. Toze ◽  
James A. Mbah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Atomic Composition ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Libraries ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Drugs Analysis ◽  
Chemical Class

Abstract In the quest to know why natural products (NPs) have often been considered as privileged scaffolds for drug discovery purposes, many investigations into the differences between NPs and synthetic compounds have been carried out. Several attempts to answer this question have led to the investigation of the atomic composition, scaffolds and functional groups (FGs) of NPs, in comparison with synthetic drugs analysis. This chapter briefly describes an atomic enumeration method for chemical libraries that has been applied for the analysis of NP libraries, followed by a description of the main differences between NPs of marine and terrestrial origin in terms of their general physicochemical properties, most common scaffolds and “drug-likeness” properties. The last parts of the work describe an analysis of scaffolds and FGs common in NP libraries, focusing on huge NP databases, e.g. those in the Dictionary of Natural Products (DNP), NPs from cyanobacteria and the largest chemical class of NP – terpenoids.

Atomic composition of WC/ and Zr/O-terminated diamond Schottky interfaces close to ideality

2017 ◽  
Vol 395 ◽  
pp. 200-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Piñero ◽  
D. Araújo ◽  
A. Fiori ◽  
A. Traoré ◽  
M.P. Villar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Composition

scholarly journals Scanning reflection ion microscopy in a helium ion microscope

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1125-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri V Petrov ◽  
Oleg F Vyvenko
Keyword(s):  
Charge Compensation ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Atomic Composition ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Geometrical Analysis ◽  
Platinum Surface ◽  
Secondary Electrons ◽  
Surface Steps ◽  
Helium Ion ◽  
Ion Microscopy

Reflection ion microscopy (RIM) is a technique that uses a low angle of incidence and scattered ions to form an image of the specimen surface. This paper reports on the development of the instrumentation and the analysis of the capabilities and limitations of the scanning RIM in a helium ion microscope (HIM). The reflected ions were detected by their “conversion” to secondary electrons on a platinum surface. An angle of incidence in the range 5–10° was used in the experimental setup. It was shown that the RIM image contrast was determined mostly by surface morphology but not by the atomic composition. A simple geometrical analysis of the reflection process was performed together with a Monte Carlo simulation of the angular dependence of the reflected ion yield. An interpretation of the RIM image formation and a quantification of the height of the surface steps were performed. The minimum detectable step height was found to be approximately 5 nm. RIM imaging of an insulator surface without the need for charge compensation was successfully demonstrated.

Metaphysics of composition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Leibniz’S Law ◽  
Composition As Identity ◽  
Special Composition Question ◽  
Grounding Problem ◽  
Composite Objects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Special Composition

Composition occurs when one or more objects are parts of another object. The metaphysics of composition concerns the nature of composition – i.e. what it is, and how it works. Some of the more important questions philosophers have regarding the metaphysics of composition are the following: (1) When does composition occur? This is van Inwagen’s ‘Special Composition Question’. Four prominent answers to this question include: (i) objects compose another object when those former objects are in contact; (ii) any two or more objects compose another object; (iii) objects never compose another object; (iv) objects compose another object when the activities of the former objects constitute a life. (2) Are composite objects identical with their parts? Proponents of ‘composition as identity’ answer ‘yes’ to this question. There are two primary variants of composition as identity, ‘strong’ composition as identity and ‘weak’ composition as identity. The most prominent objection to strong composition as identity is an objection from Leibniz’s Law: composite objects cannot be identical with their parts, since they seem to have properties which their parts do not have. (3) Is it possible for one object to constitute another object? Here ‘constitution’ is the relation which is alleged to obtain between, for example, a clay statue and the lump of clay from which it is formed. We can distinguish between the thesis that constitution is identity, and the thesis that constitution is not identity. The chief motivation which leads some philosophers to reject the thesis that constitution is not identity is the ‘grounding problem’ for that thesis. (4) Are there, in addition to composite objects, the ‘forms’ of those objects, and if so, what is the relationship between composite objects and their forms? We can distinguish between (at least) two variants of hylomorphism (the thesis that objects have forms), with the main distinction between the two views being whether or not they regard forms as being among the parts of composite objects.

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