Wool-degrading Bacillus isolates: extracellular protease production for microbial processing of fabrics

ABSTRACT The MarR family of transcriptional regulators of bacteria are involved in the regulation of many cellular processes, including pathogenesis. In this work, we have demonstrated genetically that hpaR (hpa, hrp associated), which encodes a putative MarR family regulator, is involved in the hypersensitive response (HR), pathogenicity, and extracellular protease production of the phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris. A mutation in hpaR resulted in complete loss of virulence in the host plant cabbage, a delayed and weakened HR in the nonhost plant pepper ECW-10R, and an increase in extracellular protease production. Detection of the β-glucuronidase activity of a plasmid-driven hpaR promoter-gusA reporter revealed that the expression of hpaR is positively controlled by HrpG and HrpX and is suppressed in rich medium while being strongly induced in minimal and hrp-inducing media and inside the host. These findings indicate that hpaR belongs to the hrpG and hrpX regulon and that HrpX regulates the extracellular protease production via hpaR in X. campestris pv. campestris.

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Effect of plant oils and extracts on the growth and extracellular protease production byTrichophyton rubrum, a potent human dermatophyte

Medicinal Plants - International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries ◽

10.5958/j.0975-6892.5.1.008 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Madhulika Srivastava ◽

S.K. Prabhuji

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Protease ◽

Protease Production ◽

Plant Oils

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EFFECT OF NUTRITIONAL FACTORS ON EXTRACELLULAR PROTEASE PRODUCTION BY PSEUDOMONAS LACHRYMANS

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m67-114 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 863-871 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

N. T. Keen ◽

P. H. Williams

Keyword(s):

Sucrose Concentration ◽

Extracellular Protease ◽

Protease Production ◽

Organic N ◽

Inorganic N ◽

Nutritional Factors ◽

Nutritional Conditions ◽

Primary Determinant ◽

The Media ◽

Pseudomonas Lachrymans

Pseudomonas lachrymans produced an extracellular protease during late log phase in liquid media. Synthesis appeared constitutive, but was not strictly correlated with growth under varying cultural and nutritional conditions. Aeration of cultures led to more rapid enzyme production. Protease synthesis was related to the concentration of glutamic acid in the medium, but was virtually independent of sucrose concentration. Although inorganic N could not be utilized as a sole N source, it was removed from the media by bacteria in the presence of organic N and led to increased growth. Organic N appeared to be a primary determinant in protease production.

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Effect of some nutritional and environmental factors on extracellular protease production by Pseudomonas SP.B-25

Dairy Science & Technology ◽

10.1051/lait:1985649-65012 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 65 (649-650) ◽

pp. 169-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R. K. MALIK ◽

Rajendra PRASAD ◽

D. K. MATHUR

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Extracellular Protease ◽

Protease Production

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Effects of Tormentic Acid and the Extracts from Callistemon citrinus on the Production of Extracellular Proteases by Staphylococcus aureus

Biochemistry Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/6926320 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Rumbidzai Mashezha ◽

Molly Mombeshora ◽

Stanley Mukanganyama

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Extracellular Protease ◽

Protease Production ◽

Extracellular Proteases ◽

Therapeutic Molecules ◽

Antibacterial Susceptibility ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Drug Resistant Strains ◽

Tormentic Acid

Staphylococcus aureus is among the common nosocomial pathogens. Antibiotics have been used to treat S. aureus infections. However, there has been increased mortality associated with drug-resistant strains of S. aureus. Extracellular proteases have been implicated to be responsible for the transition of S. aureus from an adhesive pathogen to an invasive pathogen. The development of resistant strains has necessitated the search for new sources of drugs. Plants have been traditionally used as sources of therapeutic molecules. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of tormentic acid and the extracts from Callistemon citrinus on the production of extracellular proteases by S. aureus. The broth microdilution antibacterial susceptibility assay was used to determine the antibacterial effects of tormentic acid and the extracts on S. aureus. Both extracts showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 50 μg/ml. The water : ethanol (50 : 50) and the dichloromethane : methanol (50 : 50) extracts were found to be bactericidal against S. aureus at a concentration of 100 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml, respectively. The effect of tormentic acid and extracts on extracellular protease production was investigated using the protease assay. A zone of proteolytic activity (Pr) was measured as the ratio of the diameter of the colony to the total diameter of colony plus zone of hydrolysis. The extracts reduced the production of extracellular proteases, while tormentic acid completely inhibited the production of extracellular proteases by S. aureus. The Pr value for tormentic acid was found to be 1. The Pr values of the dichloromethane : methanol extract and the water : ethanol extract were 0.92 and 0.84, respectively. In conclusion, tormentic acid was shown to inhibit extracellular protease production; therefore, there is need to explore its use in antivirulence therapy to combat S. aureus infections.

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