Entrepreneurship, Income Inequality and Public Spending: A Spatial Analysis into Regional Determinants of Growing Firms in Greece

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalampos Agiropoulos ◽  
Georgios Galanos ◽  
Thomas Poufinas
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Public Spending

Reforming China's Public Finances to Sustain Growth

2014 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Shuanglin LIN ◽  
Sarah Y TONG
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Taxation System

China's public finance is characterised by a pro-growth taxation system, growth enhancing government expenditure and an expansionary fiscal policy. However, reforms are needed to tackle rising income inequality and worsening social and environmental problems, including more public spending and more progressive taxes. Measures are also needed to resolve rising local government debt. The recently concluded Third Plenum has made these its top priorities and announced various policy initiatives.

scholarly journals Reallocating Public Spending to Reduce Income Inequality

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (188) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djeneba Doumbia ◽  
Tidiane Kinda
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Defense Spending ◽  
Education Spending ◽  
Weak Institutions ◽  
Long Term Impact

Can a government reduce income inequality by changing the composition of public spending while keeping the total level of expenditure fixed? Using newly assembled data on spending composition for 83 countries across all income groups, this paper shows that reallocating spending toward social protection and infrastructure is associated with reduced income inequality, particularly when it is financed through cuts in defense spending. However, the political and security situation matters. The analysis does not find evidence that lowering defense spending to finance infrastructure and social outlays improves income distribution in countries with weak institutions and at higher risk of conflict. Reallocating social protection and infrastructure spending towards other types of spending tends to increase income inequality. Accounting for the long-term impact of health spending, and particularly education spending, helps to better capture the equalizing effects of these expenditures. The paper includes a discussion of the implications of the findings for Indonesia, a major emerging market where income inequality is at the center of policy issues.

Falling Inequality in Latin America: The Role of Fiscal Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Clifton ◽  
Daniel Díaz-Fuentes ◽  
Julio Revuelta
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Social Contributions ◽  
Urban Level

AbstractLatin America is one of the world's only regions to have witnessed a fall in income inequality during the 2000s. This paper evaluates the role fiscal policy played in this change. Recent scholarship has examined this in individual countries; lacking is a regional perspective. We examine the effects of nine fiscal instruments on income inequality in 17 countries between 1990 and 2014. Fiscal policy had a positive – albeit small – effect in reducing income inequality, especially from 2003, working best at the urban level. Public spending on education, personal income taxes and social contributions were especially instrumental in reducing income inequality.

scholarly journals Political Polarization and the Size of Government

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIK LINDQVIST ◽  
ROBERT ÖSTLING
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Size Of Government ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, we study the relationship between political polarization and public spending using the dispersion of self-reported political preferences as our measure of polarization. Political polarization is strongly associated with smaller government in democratic countries, but there is no relationship between polarization and the size of government in undemocratic countries. The results are robust to a large set of control variables, including gross domestic product per capita and income inequality.

scholarly journals Public family spending, labour productivity, income inequality and poverty gap in the group of seven countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-77
Author(s):  
Andy Titus Okwu ◽  
Rowland Tochukwu Obiakor ◽  
Timothy Chidi Obiwuru ◽  
Margret N. Kabuoh ◽  
Emeka Okoro Akpa
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Original Research ◽  
G7 Countries ◽  
Group Of Seven ◽  
Composite Indices ◽  
Family Benefits

Purpose. Comparable data on distribution of family income provide reference point for determining economic performance of any country, opportunity to assess effects of income inequality and poverty drivers that are either country- or region-specific. This study analysed the effectiveness of composite indices of public spending on family benefits, labour productivity, macroeconomic performance indicators and moderating factors in reducing income inequality and poverty gap in the Group of Seven (G7) countries from 1980 to 2019. Methodology. The study employed fixed effects Least Squares regression model in panel environment within the framework of empirical econometric methodologies. The composite indices comprised public spending on family benefits in cash and kind, unemployment allowance payments, tax on personal income, labour productivity, harmonised unemployment rate, consumer price index, real GDP growth rate, GDP per capita and per hour worked, fertility rate and trade. After graphical analysis of the data, order of integration was via unit root tests. Hausman test was carried out to choose between fixed and random effects models. Subsequently, parameters of the models were estimated and evaluated for significance at the 0.05 critical level. Findings. The results showed that percentage changes in income inequality and poverty gap indices differed for same percentage change in components of the composite indices. Some variable-specific percentage changes in income inequality and poverty gap were statistically significant, while others were not. However, the overall percentage changes was statistically significant. The paper concluded that while some specific effectiveness of the explanatory variables in reducing income inequality and poverty gap was not significant, their joint effectiveness significantly reduced poverty. Therefore, it is pertinent that family-oriented fiscal policy thrusts should be strengthened and sustained so as to continually reduce income inequality and, ultimately, narrow poverty gap in the countries. Limitations. The study considered the G7 countries for a period of 40 years. The limitations were that the variables considered to influence income inequality and poverty gap in the countries were both exhaustive. Also, the results were conditioned to the method used, and different methods can alternatively be used by other researchers and the results compared with this. Originality. The study is original research paper. It has neither been published in any other peer-reviewed journal not under consideration for publication by any other journal.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document