Immunostimulants for shrimp aquaculture: paving pathway towards shrimp sustainability

Shrimp farming is an aquaculture business for the cultivation of marine shrimps or prawns for human consumption and is now considered as a major economic and food production sector as it is an increasingly important source of protein available for human consumption. Intensification of shrimp farming had led to the development of a number of diseases, which resulted in the excessive use of antimicrobial agents, which is finally responsible for many adverse effects. Currently, probiotics are chosen as the best alternatives to these antimicrobial agents and they act as natural immune enhancers, which provoke the disease resistance in shrimp farm. Viral diseases stand as the major constraint causing an enormous loss in the production in shrimp farms. Probiotics besides being beneficial bacteria also possess antiviral activity. Exploitation of these probiotics in treatment and prevention of viral diseases in shrimp aquaculture is a novel and efficient method. This review discusses the benefits of probiotics and their criteria for selection in shrimp aquaculture and their role in immune power enhancement towards viral diseases.

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Livelihood sustainability of rural households in adapting to environmental changes: An empirical analysis of ecological shrimp aquaculture model in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta

Environmental Development ◽

10.1016/j.envdev.2021.100653 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100653

Author(s):

Ngo Thi Thu Trang ◽

Ho Huu Loc

Keyword(s):

Empirical Analysis ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Rural Households ◽

Mekong Delta ◽

Shrimp Aquaculture

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Mobile Genetic Elements Drive the Antibiotic Resistome Alteration in Freshwater Shrimp Aquaculture

Water ◽

10.3390/w13111461 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 1461

Author(s):

Hao Fang ◽

Nan Ye ◽

Kailong Huang ◽

Junnan Yu ◽

Shuai Zhang

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Communities ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Procambarus Clarkii ◽

Variation Partitioning ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Mobile Genetic Elements ◽

Shrimp Aquaculture ◽

Sediment Samples ◽

Genetic Elements ◽

Freshwater Aquaculture

Shrimp aquaculture environments are a natural reservoir of multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) due to the overuse of antibiotics. Nowadays, the prevalence of these kinds of emerging contaminants in shrimp aquaculture environments is still unclear. In this study, high-throughput sequencing techniques were used to analyze the distribution of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), bacterial communities, and their correlations in water and sediment samples in two types of typical shrimp (Procambarus clarkii and Macrobrachium rosenbergii) freshwater aquaculture environments. A total of 318 ARG subtypes within 19 ARG types were detected in all the samples. The biodiversity and relative abundance of ARGs in sediment samples showed much higher levels compared to water samples from all ponds in the study area. Bacitracin (17.44–82.82%) and multidrug (8.57–49.70%) were dominant ARG types in P. clarkii ponds, while sulfonamide (26.33–39.59%) and bacitracin (12.75–37.11%) were dominant ARG types in M. rosenbergii ponds. Network analysis underlined the complex co-occurrence patterns between bacterial communities and ARGs. Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Actinobacteria exhibited a high abundance in all samples, in which C39 (OTU25355) and Hydrogenophaga (OTU162961) played important roles in the dissemination of and variation in ARGs based on their strong connections between ARGs and bacterial communities. Furthermore, pathogens (e.g., Aeromonadaceae (OTU195200) and Microbacteriaceae (OTU16033)), which were potential hosts for various ARGs, may accelerate the propagation of ARGs and be harmful to human health via horizontal gene transfer mediated by MGEs. Variation partitioning analysis further confirmed that MGEs were the most crucial contributor (74.76%) driving the resistome alteration. This study may help us to understand the non-ignorable correlations among ARGs, bacterial diversity, and MGEs in the shrimp freshwater aquaculture environments.

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