scholarly journals Mobile Genetic Elements Drive the Antibiotic Resistome Alteration in Freshwater Shrimp Aquaculture

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1461
Author(s):  
Hao Fang ◽  
Nan Ye ◽  
Kailong Huang ◽  
Junnan Yu ◽  
Shuai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Variation Partitioning ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Mobile Genetic Elements ◽  
Shrimp Aquaculture ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture

Shrimp aquaculture environments are a natural reservoir of multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) due to the overuse of antibiotics. Nowadays, the prevalence of these kinds of emerging contaminants in shrimp aquaculture environments is still unclear. In this study, high-throughput sequencing techniques were used to analyze the distribution of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), bacterial communities, and their correlations in water and sediment samples in two types of typical shrimp (Procambarus clarkii and Macrobrachium rosenbergii) freshwater aquaculture environments. A total of 318 ARG subtypes within 19 ARG types were detected in all the samples. The biodiversity and relative abundance of ARGs in sediment samples showed much higher levels compared to water samples from all ponds in the study area. Bacitracin (17.44–82.82%) and multidrug (8.57–49.70%) were dominant ARG types in P. clarkii ponds, while sulfonamide (26.33–39.59%) and bacitracin (12.75–37.11%) were dominant ARG types in M. rosenbergii ponds. Network analysis underlined the complex co-occurrence patterns between bacterial communities and ARGs. Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Actinobacteria exhibited a high abundance in all samples, in which C39 (OTU25355) and Hydrogenophaga (OTU162961) played important roles in the dissemination of and variation in ARGs based on their strong connections between ARGs and bacterial communities. Furthermore, pathogens (e.g., Aeromonadaceae (OTU195200) and Microbacteriaceae (OTU16033)), which were potential hosts for various ARGs, may accelerate the propagation of ARGs and be harmful to human health via horizontal gene transfer mediated by MGEs. Variation partitioning analysis further confirmed that MGEs were the most crucial contributor (74.76%) driving the resistome alteration. This study may help us to understand the non-ignorable correlations among ARGs, bacterial diversity, and MGEs in the shrimp freshwater aquaculture environments.

scholarly journals Biochar and Hyperthermophiles as Additives Accelerate the Removal of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Mobile Genetic Elements during Composting

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5428
Author(s):  
Yanli Fu ◽  
Aisheng Zhang ◽  
Tengfei Guo ◽  
Ying Zhu ◽  
Yanqiu Shao
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Mobile Genetic Elements ◽  
Integrase Gene ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Class 1

Sewage treatment plants are known as repositories of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Adding biochar and inoculating with exogenous microbial agents are common ways to improve the quality of compost. However, little is known about the effects of these exogenous additives on the fate of ARGs during composting and the related mechanisms. In this study, municipal sludge was taken as the research object to study the ARG-removal effects of four composting methods: ordinary compost (CT), compost with hyperthermophiles (HT), compost with hyperthermophiles and 2.0% biochar (HT2C) and compost with hyperthermophiles and 5.0% biochar (HT5C). Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing were conducted to analyze the ARGs, MGEs and bacterial community. After composting, the abundance of ARGs in CT was reduced by 72.7%, while HT, HT2C and HT5C were reduced by 80.7%, 84.3% and 84.8%, respectively. Treatments with different proportions of biochar added (HT2C, HT5C) had no significant effect on the abundance of ARGs. Network analysis showed that Firmicutes and Nitrospirae were positively associated with most ARGs and may be potential hosts for them. In addition, redundancy analysis further showed that the class 1 integrase gene (intI1), pH and organic carbon had a greater effect on ARGs. Our findings suggested that the combination of hyperthermophiles and biochar during the composting process was an effective way to control ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), thus inhibiting the spread and diffusion of ARGs in the environment and improving the efficiency of treating human and animal diseases.

scholarly journals Black Queen Evolution and Trophic Interactions Determine Plasmid Survival after the Disruption of the Conjugation Network

mSystems ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Cairns ◽  
Katariina Koskinen ◽  
Reetta Penttinen ◽  
Tommi Patinen ◽  
Anna Hartikainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Mobile Genetic Elements ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Genetic Elements

ABSTRACTMobile genetic elements such as conjugative plasmids are responsible for antibiotic resistance phenotypes in many bacterial pathogens. The ability to conjugate, the presence of antibiotics, and ecological interactions all have a notable role in the persistence of plasmids in bacterial populations. Here, we set out to investigate the contribution of these factors when the conjugation network was disturbed by a plasmid-dependent bacteriophage. Phage alone effectively caused the population to lose plasmids, thus rendering them susceptible to antibiotics. Leakiness of the antibiotic resistance mechanism allowing Black Queen evolution (i.e. a “race to the bottom”) was a more significant factor than the antibiotic concentration (lethal vs sublethal) in determining plasmid prevalence. Interestingly, plasmid loss was also prevented by protozoan predation. These results show that outcomes of attempts to resensitize bacterial communities by disrupting the conjugation network are highly dependent on ecological factors and resistance mechanisms.IMPORTANCEBacterial antibiotic resistance is often a part of mobile genetic elements that move from one bacterium to another. By interfering with the horizontal movement and the maintenance of these elements, it is possible to remove the resistance from the population. Here, we show that a so-called plasmid-dependent bacteriophage causes the initially resistant bacterial population to become susceptible to antibiotics. However, this effect is efficiently countered when the system also contains a predator that feeds on bacteria. Moreover, when the environment contains antibiotics, the survival of resistance is dependent on the resistance mechanism. When bacteria can help their contemporaries to degrade antibiotics, resistance is maintained by only a fraction of the community. On the other hand, when bacteria cannot help others, then all bacteria remain resistant. The concentration of the antibiotic played a less notable role than the antibiotic used. This report shows that the survival of antibiotic resistance in bacterial communities represents a complex process where many factors present in real-life systems define whether or not resistance is actually lost.

scholarly journals Sludge bio-drying: Effective to reduce both antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junya Zhang ◽  
Qianwen Sui ◽  
Juan Tong ◽  
Chulu Buhe ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Mobile Genetic Elements ◽  
Genetic Elements
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