Strategic Response to a Powerful Downstream Retailer: Difference-Setting Wholesale Pricing Contract and Partial Forward Integration

Abstract Following the crisis, macroprudential regulations targeting mortgage-market vulnerabilities were widely adopted, their success often relying on the response of financial intermediaries. We provide evidence from Canada suggesting banks may have behaved strategically to limit the effectiveness of recently implemented mortgage stress tests. Before implementation, borrowers had to prove they could make mortgage payments based on the interest rate specified in the contract. The new tests require borrowers to show they can afford payments based on a typically higher qualifying rate, derived from the mode of 5-year rates posted by the six largest banks. The government’s objective was to cool credit markets, but, since many mortgages are government-insured, the big banks’ interests were not aligned. We find evidence of rate manipulation using a difference-in-differences approach comparing changes in spreads for 5-year mortgages with 3-year spreads, unaffected by the policy. The qualifying rates were lowered encouraging continued borrowing, muting the tests’ impact.

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The effects of forward rotation of posture on computer-simulated 4-km track cycling: Implications of Union Cycliste Internationale rule 1.3.013.

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part P Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology ◽

10.1177/1754337115619306 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 231 (1) ◽

pp. 3-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Oliver Caddy ◽

William Fitton ◽

Digby Symons ◽

Anthony Purnell ◽

Dan Gordon

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Cycling Performance ◽

Frontal Surface ◽

Integration Model ◽

Power Profile ◽

Fixed Power ◽

Legal Position ◽

The Mean ◽

Forward Integration ◽

Track Cycling

The aim of this research was to indicate improvements in 4-km cycling performance that may be gained as a function of reduced frontal surface area ( A) when Union Cycliste Internationale rule 1.3.013 is contravened. In 10 male cyclists age 26 ± 2 (mean ± standard deviation) years, height 180 ± 5 cm and body mass 71 ± 6 kg, entire cycling posture was rotated forward from where the nose of the saddle was 6 cm rearward of the bottom bracket spindle (P6) to 4, 2 and 0 cm (P4, P2 and P0); contravening Union Cycliste Internationale rule 1.3.013. Using computerised planimetry, A was estimated and a forward integration model was compiled to simulate 4-km track cycling end time ( T4km) when a fixed power profile was applied. At P2, there was a significant but non-meaningful reduction compared to P6 ( p < 0.05, d < 0.02). There were small but significant reductions in A and T4km between P6 and P0; −0.007 ± 0.004 m2 and −1.40 ± 0.73 s, respectively ( p < 0.001, d = −0.259). There were no significant differences between P4 and P6 for A and T4km. These results suggest that at the most forward position (P0), a small but significant increase in 4-km performance can be expected compared to the legal position (P6). Moreover, the mean difference in T4km between P6 and P0 is greater than the winning margin at the Union Cycliste Internationale 4-km pursuit world championships four times in the previous 10 years.

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Knowledge sharing, complex environments and small-worlds

Human Systems Management ◽

10.3233/hsm-2005-24301 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 185-195

Author(s):

Mike Metcalfe

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Sharing ◽

System Thinking ◽

Small Worlds ◽

Complex Environments ◽

Complex Environment ◽

Strategic Response ◽

Social Species ◽

The Social ◽

Self Organisation ◽

Do So

This paper is about knowledge sharing vision appropriate for a complex environment. In these environments, traditional views of knowledge sharing as informing a hierarchical, centralised leadership may be misleading. A complex environment is defined as one that emerges unpredictable changes that require organisations to reconnect, to reorganise. Organisations need to be able to rapidly reconnect relationships so as to reflect new priorities, and to do so without causing change “bottlenecks”. The empirical biologists have observed that some social species have evolved structures that enable them to do this automatically what ever the environmental change. These organisational forms have survived for millions of years without central planning; rather they use local knowledge is reconnect as required overall providing an appropriate strategic response. These organisational forms seem to result from the small-worlds phenomenon and it is self organising. Specifically, this paper will argue that this small-worlds, self organisation, phenomena is a useful vision for designing a knowledge sharing vision appropriate for a complex environment. The supportive evidence is provided in the form of identifying the empirical attributes of self organisation and small worlds to provide an explanation of how and why it works. The system thinking, biology (insect) and the social-network literature are used.

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An Organized, Comprehensive, and Security-Enabled Strategic Response to the Haiti Earthquake

Anesthesia & Analgesia ◽

10.1213/ane.0b013e3181f42fd3 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 111 (6) ◽

pp. 1438-1444 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Maureen McCunn ◽

Michael A. Ashburn ◽

Thomas F. Floyd ◽

C. William Schwab ◽

Paul Harrington ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Haiti Earthquake ◽

Strategic Response

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A Survey of PDM Implementation Projects in Selected Swedish Industries

Volume 7: 10th Engineering Information Management Symposium ◽

10.1115/96-detc/eim-1132 ◽

1996 ◽

Author(s):

Ulf Sellgren ◽

Cecilia Hakelius

Keyword(s):

Product Development ◽

Concurrent Engineering ◽

Product Data Management ◽

Huge Amount ◽

Strategic Response ◽

Related Information ◽

Industrial Companies ◽

Powerful Approach ◽

Computer Based ◽

Knowledge Intensive

Abstract Technology and engineering might be characterized as becoming more knowledge-intensive. A huge amount of data is used and produced in most product development projects. Increasing competition requires shorter reaction time to customer demands and a higher level of innovation. Concurrent Engineering (CE) is a strategic response to competition. It has proved to be a powerful approach to integrating engineering activities in product development. However, integration and parallel activities, that is the essence of CE, add complexity to the process. Consequently, information management is recognized as a major component in many CE models. Product Data Management (PDM) systems are a class of computer based systems that address the need to manage product related information that is mainly formal and computer interpretable. PDM systems are sometimes referred to as CE enablers. Results from a resent survey of PDM implementation projects in six Swedish industrial companies, with products ranging from telecommunications systems to trucks and medical equipment, indicate the importance of also utilizing the Concurrent Engineering (CE) approach in the process of implementing an enterprise-wide PDM solution.

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