The Interaction of Race and Gender as a Significant Driver of Racial Arrest Disparities for African American Men

The purpose of this paper is to suggest some factors counselors should consider in dealing with perceptions of vulnerability to HIV/AIDS among African American college-age males. For this study, perceived vulnerability to AIDS is a latent variable that refers to an individual's belief of their likelihood of contracting HIV when not using a condom. The objective of the study is to contribute to the knowledge needed by counselors, school educators, and health professionals to develop and implement effective educational programs and counseling interventions that are race and gender specific. In particular, programs that promote the use of AIDS risk-reduction practices among African American male, college-age adolescents. We acknowledge that any potent effort to prevent the spread of the disease among men in the African American community must: a) evaluate existing prevention strategies used with a similar population, b) utilize activities that focus on collective cultural experience, c) utilize activities that enhance communication and accent collective participation, d) utilize strategies that focus on acceptance of sexuality, e) focus on reccurring patterns of communication, f) base intervention on the current social and political climate, g) consider threats and belief in genocide as real, h) include messages which consistently emphasize the potential benefits and gains of community and i) consider racial/ethnic composition in the counselor-client relationship.

Download Full-text

Legally Armed but Presumed Dangerous: An Intersectional Analysis of Gun Carry Licensing as a Racial/Gender Degradation Ceremony

Gender & Society ◽

10.1177/0891243217745862 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 204-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jennifer Carlson

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

African American Men ◽

Black Masculinity ◽

The State ◽

Race And Gender ◽

Controlling Images ◽

Gender Hierarchies ◽

Gun Laws ◽

And Gender ◽

Legitimate Violence

This article analyzes gun carry licensing as a disciplinary mechanism that places African American men in a liminal zone where they are legally armed but presumed dangerous, even as African Americans now experience broadened access to concealed pistol licenses (CPLs) amid contemporary U.S. gun laws. Using observational data from now-defunct public gun boards in Metropolitan Detroit, this article systematically explores how CPLs are mobilized by administrators to reflect and reinforce racial/gender hierarchies. This article broadens scholarly understandings of how tropes of criminality shape racialized men’s encounters with the state beyond nonvoluntary, coercive settings and unpacks how race and gender interlock to shape these encounters. I extend insights from intersectionality scholarship to examine gun board meetings as degradation ceremonies whereby African American men are held accountable to controlling images of Black masculinity in exchange for a CPL. This article sharpens the conceptual apparatus that accounts for marginalized men’s subordination vis-à-vis the state by focusing on the provision of legitimate violence and revealing the persistent, if paradoxical, mobilization of legitimate violence in the reproduction of racial/gender hierarchies.

Download Full-text

Barriers to Help Seeking Among African American Men: Modeling the Influence of Race and Gender

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e621972009-001 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Wizdom P. Hammond ◽

Yasmin Cole-Lewis ◽

Justin Smith ◽

Travis Melvin ◽

Donald Parker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Help Seeking ◽

African American Men ◽

Race And Gender ◽

And Gender

Download Full-text

Writing through Jane Crow: Race and Gender Politics in African American Literature by Ayesha K. Hardison

CLA Journal ◽

10.1353/caj.2017.0027 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 61 (1-2) ◽

pp. 128-130

Author(s):

Chanté Baker Martin

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

American Literature ◽

African American Literature ◽

Gender Politics ◽

Race And Gender ◽

And Gender

Download Full-text

Impoliteness in hip-hop music

Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict ◽

10.1075/jlac.00062.del ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Panagiotis Delis

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Black Male ◽

Hip Hop ◽

Selection Process ◽

White Male ◽

White Female ◽

Race And Gender ◽

The Social ◽

Determining Factors ◽

And Gender

Abstract The aim of this paper is to examine the functionality of impoliteness strategies as rhetorical devices employed by acclaimed African American and White hip-hop artists. It focuses on the social and artistic function of the key discursive element of hip-hop, namely aggressive language. The data for this paper comprise songs of US African American and White performers retrieved from the November 2017 ‘TOP100 Chart’ for international releases on Spotify.com. A cursory look at the sub-corpora (Black male/ Black female/ White male/ White female artists’ sub-corpus) revealed the prominence of the ‘use taboo words’ impoliteness strategy. The analysis of impoliteness instantiations by considering race and gender as determining factors in the lyrics selection process unveiled that both male groups use impoliteness strategies more frequently than female groups. It is also suggested that Black male and White female singers employ impoliteness to resist oppression, offer a counter-narrative about their own experience and self (re)presentation and reinforce in group solidarity.

Download Full-text

Blackface Minstrelsy and the Reception of Elizabeth Taylor Greenfield

Journal of the Society for American Music ◽

10.1017/s1752196321000195 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 305-320

Author(s):

Julia J. Chybowski

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

African American ◽

Social Class ◽

Gender Roles ◽

Black Swan ◽

Social Hierarchies ◽

Race And Gender ◽

Blackface Minstrelsy ◽

And Gender

AbstractThis article explores blackface minstrelsy in the context of Elizabeth Taylor Greenfield's singing career of the 1850s–1870s. Although Greenfield performed a version of African American musicality that was distinct from minstrel caricatures, minstrelsy nonetheless impacted her reception. The ubiquity of minstrel tropes greatly influenced audience perceptions of Greenfield's creative and powerful transgressions of expected race and gender roles, as well as the alignment of race with mid-nineteenth-century notions of social class. Minstrel caricatures and stereotypes appeared in both praise and ridicule of Greenfield's performances from her debut onward, and after successful US and transatlantic tours established her notoriety, minstrel companies actually began staging parody versions of Greenfield, using her sobriquet, “Black Swan.” These “Black Swan” acts are evidence that Greenfield's achievements were perceived as threats to established social hierarchies.

Download Full-text

Adolescents’ Internalizing Behaviors after Extreme Violence Exposure: A Comparison of Race and Gender for African American and Asian American Youth

Families in Society The Journal of Contemporary Social Services ◽

10.1606/1044-3894.3870 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 145-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Wan-Yi Chen

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Community Violence ◽

Asian American ◽

Violence Exposure ◽

African American Adolescents ◽

Internalizing Behaviors ◽

Race And Gender ◽

Asian American Adolescents ◽

Minority Adolescents ◽

And Gender

This study compares African American and Asian American adolescents in their rates of extreme community violence exposure and consequent internalizing behaviors. Using information from a national longitudinal survey this study found substantial violence exposure rates for both groups. Also, gender differences in exposure rates and adolescent reports of internalizing behaviors after violence exposure were detected. Male African American adolescents had the highest exposure rate, while female Asian American adolescents reported the highest level of internalizing behaviors. These findings suggest further research is needed to better understand the effect of violence exposure on various ethnic minority adolescents. Moreover, social workers and other professionals involved in adolescent services could use these results to improve outreach methods to vulnerable adolescents.

Download Full-text