Impoliteness in hip-hop music

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Delis
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Black Male ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
White Male ◽  
White Female ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The Social ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
And Gender

Abstract The aim of this paper is to examine the functionality of impoliteness strategies as rhetorical devices employed by acclaimed African American and White hip-hop artists. It focuses on the social and artistic function of the key discursive element of hip-hop, namely aggressive language. The data for this paper comprise songs of US African American and White performers retrieved from the November 2017 ‘TOP100 Chart’ for international releases on Spotify.com. A cursory look at the sub-corpora (Black male/ Black female/ White male/ White female artists’ sub-corpus) revealed the prominence of the ‘use taboo words’ impoliteness strategy. The analysis of impoliteness instantiations by considering race and gender as determining factors in the lyrics selection process unveiled that both male groups use impoliteness strategies more frequently than female groups. It is also suggested that Black male and White female singers employ impoliteness to resist oppression, offer a counter-narrative about their own experience and self (re)presentation and reinforce in group solidarity.

scholarly journals Little race or gender bias in an experiment of initial review of NIH R01 grant proposals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick S. Forscher ◽  
William Taylor Laimaka Cox ◽  
Markus Brauer ◽  
Patricia G. Devine
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Black Male ◽  
White Male ◽  
Principal Investigator ◽  
White Female ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Grant Proposals ◽  
And Gender

Many granting agencies allow reviewers to know the identity of a proposal’s Principal Investigator (PI), which opens the possibility that reviewers discriminate on the basis of PI race and gender. We investigated this experimentally with 48 NIH R01 grant proposals, representing a broad spectrum of NIH-funded science. We modified PI names to create separate White male, White female, Black male, and Black female versions of each proposal, and 412 scientists each submitted initial reviews for three proposals. We find little to no race or gender bias in initial R01 evaluations, and additionally find that any bias that might have been present must be negligible in size. This conclusion was robust to a wide array of statistical model specifications. Pragmatically important bias may be present in other aspects of the granting process, but our evidence suggests that it is not present in the initial round of R01 reviews.

Racial minorities’ attitudes toward interracial couples: An intersection of race and gender

2020 ◽  
pp. 136843021989948
Author(s):  
Roxie Chuang ◽  
Clara Wilkins ◽  
Mingxuan Tan ◽  
Caroline Mead
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Black Male ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Male ◽  
Racial Minorities ◽  
White Female ◽  
Interracial Couples ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Four studies examined racial minorities’ attitudes toward interracial couples. Overall, Asian and Black Americans indicated lower warmth towards interracial than same-race couples. We hypothesized that perceived competition for same-race partners would predict attitudes toward particular pairings. Consistent with predictions, attitudes towards interracial couples varied based on the societal prevalence of particular types of couples. Black American women (but not men) indicated more negative attitudes toward the more common Black male–White female pairing than toward White male–Black female couples. Asian American men (but not women) reported more negative attitudes toward White male–Asian female couples than toward Asian male–White female couples. Furthermore, perceived competition with White men predicted Asian American men’s attitudes toward White male–Asian female couples. Perceived competition with White women drove Black women’s attitudes toward Black male–White female couples. This research highlights the importance of adopting an intersectional approach (examining both race and gender) to understand attitudes toward interracial couples.

“The White Girl in the Middle”

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Monroe
Keyword(s):  
Hip Hop ◽  
White Female ◽  
White Girl ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Female Protagonist ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Theories ◽  
Selling Point ◽  
Choreographic Analysis ◽  
Better Than

This chapter illustrates how the narratives of hip-hop dance films have historically used white female dancers to introduce mainstream white audiences to hip-hop dance forms. In Step Up 2: The Streets, however, the white female protagonist is not an outsider introduced to hip-hop dance forms, instead she is from the very streets where hip-hop originates. Yet her success as a white female hip-hop dancer weighs on her ability to perform “black” corporeality equal to or better than her black counterparts. Using choreographic analysis and critical race and gender theories, the chapter argues that hip-hop dance forms render whiteness hyper-visible, but the white performance of black performativity becomes the selling point for films like Step Up 2: The Streets, where black performers are cast as ancillary characters to authenticate the white protagonists.

For Those in the “Ghetto Torture Chambers”

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Teutsch ◽  
Jason Lee Oakes
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Gangsta Rap ◽  
Cultural Productions ◽  
And Gender

This chapter explores the connective tissue that joins the urban noir tradition to the representations of antiheros that populate Iceberg Slim’s texts and many hip hop narratives. Specifically, it analyzes Slim’s construction of realness in his writings and his 1976 album Reflections in order to understand how his work shapes a notion of “pulp authenticity” that would come to influence gangsta rap. Slim and his hip hop progeny arose from the noir tradition, a literary genre that confronted anxieties of race and gender identity amid an ever-changing urban landscape. Pulp authenticity incorporates the sensational on one hand and varying forms of genuineness on the other, appearing in African American noir cultural productions in the latter part of the twentieth century and into the twenty-first. At its core, pulp authenticity funnels “genuineness” through a genre that privileges the sensational.

Beyond Respectability

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittney C. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
American Women ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The Social ◽  
Anna Julia Cooper ◽  
Racial Knowledge ◽  
And Gender

In the late nineteenth century, a group of publicly active African American women emerged from the social and educational elite to assume racial leadership roles. Their work challenged thinking on racial issues as well as questions about gender, sexuality, and class. Beyond Respectability charts the development of African American women as public intellectuals and the evolution of their thought from the end of the 1800s through the Black Power era of the 1970s. Eschewing the Great Race Man paradigm so prominent in contemporary discourse, Brittney C. Cooper looks at the far-reaching intellectual achievements of female thinkers and activists like Anna Julia Cooper, Mary Church Terrell, Fannie Barrier Williams, Pauli Murray, and Toni Cade Bambara. Cooper delves into the processes that transformed these women and others into racial leadership figures, including long-overdue discussions of their theoretical output and personal experiences. As Cooper shows, their body of work critically reshaped our understandings of race and gender discourse. It also confronted entrenched ideas of how--and who--produced racial knowledge.

Abstract WP405: Age, Race, and Gender Disparities in Door to Needle Time: A Single Center Joint Commission Certified Comprehensive Stroke Center Experience

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari D Moore ◽  
Peter Rock ◽  
Wei LIU ◽  
Jignesh Shah ◽  
Elizabeth Wise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
White Male ◽  
Hemorrhagic Transformation ◽  
Joint Commission ◽  
White Female ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Discharge Disposition ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: Functional outcomes and quality of life are known benefits of Activase treatment in acute ischemic stroke (AIS), however, benefit is highly time dependent. Prior studies demonstrate that women and black patients with AIS are less likely to be treated with Activase in < 60 minutes. Utilization of best practice strategies identified in Target Stroke I & II has been an ongoing process improvement initiative at our facility since 2009. Purpose: Our goal was to understand if disparities in Door to Needle Time (DTNT) exist by age, race, or gender at our Joint Commission certified CSC with utilization of best practice strategies. Methods: A retrospective chart analysis with comparison of average DTNT by age, race and gender was performed on all AIS patients receiving Activase in our CSC from 2009-2015 (n=297). Differences in DTNT were analyzed using Student’s t-tests, ANOVA, and linear regression. Results: Median DTNT for all patients was 56 minutes (Male 58, Female 56, Black 61, and White 56). Average DTNT by age did not show any significant correlation with a R 2 =0.003 (F:0.98 p=0.322). Additionally, there were no significant differences among classified age categories (18-55, 56-80, 81-90, 91+; p=0.50). Average DTNT for females and males were observed to be 62.6 (95% CI 58.6-66.7) and 61.0 (95% CI 57.1-65.0), (p=0.57). Average DTNT for Blacks and Whites were observed to be 64.9 (95% CI 56.8-73.0) and 61.1 (95% CI 58.1-64.2), (p=0.35). Further analysis of gender by race classification demonstrated no significant differences in average DTNT (Black-Female 66.7, Black-Male 64.0, White-Female 62.1, White-Male 60.4 - F:0.44 p=0.73). Conclusion: No disparities in DTNT were found for age, race or gender at our CSC from 2009-2015. Target Stroke may have contributed to the absence of disparities. Comparison of DTNTs by age, race and gender before and after instituting Target Stroke at our CSC, other certified centers, and non-certified centers, is planned for our region. Further analyses will include arrival mode, payer source, stroke severity on arrival, off hour presentation, symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation rates, functional outcomes, and discharge disposition.

Therapist–Patient Demographic Profile Matching: A Movement Toward Performance-Based Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 677-683
Author(s):  
David A. Patterson Silver Wolf (Adelv Unegv ◽  
Catherine N. Dulmus ◽  
Eugene Maguin ◽  
Braden K. Linn ◽  
Travis W. Hales
Keyword(s):  
White Male ◽  
Completion Rate ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
White Female ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Patient Profile ◽  
Profile Matching ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Female Therapists

Purpose: Patients of substance use disorder (SUD), who successfully complete the treatment programs recommended by their therapists, have better health outcomes than the vast majority who drop out in the middle. We investigated the contribution of race and gender of both patients and therapists to address the cause of treatment noncompletion and gaps in knowledge. Method: Data collected from 11 SUD treatment outpatient programs, comprising 2,230 patients and 69 therapists, were analyzed to understand the effect of therapist–patient profile matching on treatment completion success rate. Results: Of the overall completion rate of 23%, White-male therapists had the highest rate (ranging from 20.4% to 50.0%) followed by White-female therapists (13.9% and 31.2%) dependent on patients’ race or gender. Non-White female and male therapists alike had varied but lesser completion rate. Discussion: Our studies recommend research and practice implementing performance-based practice measures with appropriate patient–therapist matching for better SUD-treatment outcomes.

Race in the Crucible of Literary Debate

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-271
Author(s):  
Mark C Jerng
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Literary Study ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Reading Practices ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender

AbstractBoth Caroline Levine’s Forms (2015) and Rita Felski’s The Limits of Critique (2015) use Bruno Latour’s Actor-Network-Theory to help them theorize reading practices for analyzing the interrelationships between literature and sociopolitical experience. In doing so, both disavow powerful understandings of the “social” produced across race and gender critique in African American and ethnic literary studies. This essay traces a connection backwards from Latour to the sociologist Gabriel Tarde to critiques of sociology by W. E. B. Du Bois. Du Bois’s understanding of the social and literary dimensions of “environing” critique assumptions embedded in the idea of networks, highlighting crucial experiences of being made not to act as constitutive of the social. The argument turns to brief syntheses of work by Saidiya Hartman, Hortense Spillers, Lisa Lowe, and Sau-Ling Cynthia Wong for models of thinking literary and social experience, suggesting that they need to be brought into these discussions of the normative values and methods of literary study. The essay concludes by reconsidering Winfried Fluck’s examination of these normative values in relation to dominant philosophies of history and questioning his assumptions about conditions of unfreedom.

Mind Cure

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wakoh Shannon Hickey
Keyword(s):  
White Male ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Psychology ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
First Americans ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Political Economic

Mindfulness is widely claimed to improve health and performance, and historians typically say that efforts to promote meditation and yoga therapeutically began in the 1970s. In fact, they began much earlier, and that early history offers important lessons for the present and future. This book traces the history of mind-body medicine from eighteenth-century Mesmerism to the current Mindfulness boom and reveals how religion, race, and gender have shaped events. Many of the first Americans to advocate meditation for healing were women leaders of the Mind Cure movement, which emerged in the late nineteenth century. They believed that by transforming their consciousness, they could also transform oppressive circumstances in which they lived, and some were activists for social reform. Trained by Buddhist and Hindu missionaries, these women promoted meditation through personal networks, religious communities, and publications. Some influenced important African American religious movements, as well. For women and black men, Mind Cure meant not just happiness but liberation in concrete political, economic, and legal terms. The Mind Cure movement exerted enormous pressure on mainstream American religion and medicine, and in response, white, male doctors and clergy with elite academic credentials appropriated some of its methods and channeled them into scientific psychology and medicine. As mental therapeutics became medicalized, individualized, and then commodified, the religious roots of meditation, like the social justice agendas of early Mind Curers, fell away. After tracing how we got from Mind Cure to Mindfulness, this book reveals what got lost in the process.

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