Situating Politics: Spatial Heterogeneity and the Study of Political History

While quantitative methods are routinely used to examine historical materials, critics take issue with the use of global regression models that attach a single parameter to each predictor, thereby ignoring the effects of time and space, which together define the context in which historical events unfold. This problem can be addressed by allowing for parameter heterogeneity, as highlighted by the proliferation of work on the use of time-varying parameter models. In this paper, I show how this approach can be extended to the case of spatial data using spatially-varying coefficient models, with an eye toward the study of electoral politics, where the use of spatial data is especially common in historical settings. Toward this end, I revisit a critical case in the field of quantitative history: the rise of electoral Populism in the American West in the period between 1890 and 1896. Upending popular narratives about the correlates of third- party support in the late nineteenth century, I show that the association between third- party vote share and traditional predictors such as economic hardship and ethnic composition varied considerably from one place to the next, giving rise to distinct varieties of electoral Populism—a finding that is missed by global models, which mistake the mathematically particular for the historically general. These findings have important theoretical and empirical implications for the study of political action in a world where parameter heterogeneity is increasingly recognized as a standard feature of modern social science.

Pastoral Care of Migrants in the Catholic Church in the Czech Republic

This article deals with the pastoral care of migrants in the Czech Republic. It starts from a description of the ethnic composition of inhabitants of the Czech Republic and of permanently settled foreigners from 1918 to the present. It also acquaints the reader with the principles and individual structures of pastoral care for migrants coming from special Church documents and codes of canon law. On this basis, it presents specific structures existing in the Czech Republic and evaluates them.

Ukrainians in Belarus: distribution and ethnolinguistic processes

The article analyzes the distribution and ethnolinguistic processes in the environment of the Ukrainian diaspora in Belarus. Because of the fact that the part of Ukrainian ethnic territory (currently Brest region) is located in Belarus, not all Ukrainians living in the country can be correctly named a diaspora. To avoiding terminology-related complications, in the article we use the general term Ukrainian diaspora. The study is based on the results of censuses conducted in Belarus after 1991. The article analyzes the ethnic environment of residence of the Ukrainian diaspora based on the ethnocultural and ethnolinguistic criteria of the censuses. In particular, using mathematical and statistical methods of analysis of the ethnic composition of the country’s population, we estimated such indicators as the index of ethnic diversity, ethnic mosaic, socio-ethnic density, etc. These indicators were estimated for districts and the largest cities of Belarus, taking into account the largest ethnic groups living in the country. The result of these estimations was the creation of a number of thematic maps that complement the article. The study highlights the areas of compact residence of Ukrainians, identifies districts and cities where the number of Ukrainians changed the most and the least during the inter-census periods of 1999–2009 and 2009–2019. The dynamics of the number and settlement of Ukrainians in the Ukrainian ethnic territories is analyzed. In this context, it was found that in addition to the Brest region, there is a dense concentration of Ukrainians in the capital, major cities of the country, a number of district centers in the southwestern part of the country. It was determined that the share of Ukrainians living in cities is growing. The growth rate of the number of Ukrainians for the period between 2009 and 2019 in the largest cities of the country ranges from + 7% (Mogilev) to 77.45% (Novopolotsk). It was found that the country is monoethnic in its ethnic composition based on the analysis of a number of indicators related to the ethnic composition of the population of Belarus. A more diverse ethnic composition of the population and therefore higher rates were recorded in large cities and areas densely populated with individual ethnic groups (Russians, Poles and Ukrainians). The Ukrainian diaspora in the country is undergoing processes of Russification, the share of Ukrainians who indicate Ukrainian as their mother tongue is declining. The share of Ukrainians whose native language is Belarusian is also declining. That is, it can be argued that Russification affects not only Ukrainians in Belarus, but also the Belarusians themselves. The research also revealed that villagers are more resistant to language assimilation,and Ukrainians in cities most often indicate Russian as their native language.

Perfil dos educandos do ensino médio da EJA numa escola pública em Macapá-AP

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discorrer sobre o perfil dos educandos do ensino médio na modalidade Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) em uma Escola Pública Estadual em Macapá, estado do Amapá, Brasil, verificando a composição étnica e a ocorrência de educandos classificados como negros, ou como pretos e pardos segundo o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Trata-se de uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa de cunho exploratório que utilizou da pesquisa bibliográfica, da análise documental e da aplicação de um questionário. Os dados foram coletados na secretaria da escola com verificação da ficha de matrícula dos 211 educandos matriculados em 2019 e complementados no questionário respondido por 90 educandos escolhidos aleatoriamente entre os matriculados. Os resultados da pesquisa revelam que as características encontradas nos educandos da escola pesquisada estão presentes e significativas no grupo social ampliado que utiliza essa modalidade como alternativa de ensino para concluir o ciclo da educação básica. O levantamento revelou também que as características dos educandos coincidem com as do grupo etnicamente denominado negro, o que leva à conclusão de que a EJA, na forma planejada e implementada, tem uma destinação certa que são os brasileiros e as brasileiras das camadas mais expropriadas da sociedade, o que coincide historicamente com os negros, os indígenas e alguns brancos desprovidos economicamente.Palavras-chave: EJA; Relações étnico-raciais; Amapá.Profile of EJA high school students in a public school in Macapá-APABSTRACTThis article aims to discuss the profile of high school students in the Youth and Adult Education (EJA) modality in a State Public School in Macapá, Amapá state, Brazil, verifying the ethnic composition and the occurrence of students classified as black, or as black and brown according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). It is a qualitative and quantitative research of exploratory nature that used the bibliographic research, the documentary analysis and the application of a questionnaire. Data were collected at the school office with verification of the enrollment form of the 211 students enrolled in 2019 and complemented by a questionnaire answered by 90 students randomly selected from the enrolled students. The results of the research reveal that the characteristics found in the students of the researched school are present and significant in the extended social group that uses this modality as a teaching alternative to complete the cycle of basic education. The survey also revealed that the characteristics of the students coincide with those of the ethnically called black group, which leads to the conclusion that the EJA, in its planned and implemented form, has a certain destination that are the Brazilians and the Brazilian from the most expropriated strata of the population. historically coinciding with blacks, indigenous people and some economically deprived whites.Keywords: EJA; Ethnic-racial relations; Amapá.Perfil de estudiantes de secundaria de EJA en una escuela pública en Macapá-APRESUMENEste artículo tiene como objetivo discutir el perfil de los estudiantes de secundaria en la modalidad de Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos (EJA) en una Escuela Pública Estatal en Macapá, estado de Amapá, Brasil, verificando la composición étnica y la ocurrencia de estudiantes clasificados como negros, o como negro y marrón según el Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística (IBGE). Se trata de una investigación exploratoria cualitativa y cuantitativa que utilizó la investigación bibliográfica, el análisis de documentos y la aplicación de un cuestionario. Los datos fueron recolectados en la secretaría de la escuela con verificación del formulario de matrícula de los 211 estudiantes matriculados en 2019 y complementados en el cuestionario respondido por 90 estudiantes elegidos aleatoriamente entre los matriculados. Los resultados de la investigación revelan que las características encontradas en los estudiantes de la escuela investigada son presentes y significativas en el grupo social extendido que utiliza esta modalidad como alternativa docente para completar el ciclo de educación básica. La encuesta también reveló que las características de los estudiantes coinciden con las del grupo negro de denominación étnica, lo que lleva a la conclusión de que EJA, en su forma planificada e implementada, tiene un destino determinado: brasileñas y mujeres brasileñas de los estratos más expropiados. de la sociedad, que históricamente coincide con negros, indígenas y algunos blancos económicamente desfavorecidos. Palabras clave: EJA; Relaciones étnico-raciales; Amapá.

ON THE ISSUE OF INTERCULTURAL INTERACTION IN THE SYSTEM OF SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION (on the example of Sverdlovsk region)

Intensive migration processes of the last thirty years, where the Russian Federation is an active participant, lead to a gradual change in the ethnic composition of residents in a number of Russian regions. On the basis of field research in a number of educational organizations of Sverdlovsk region in 2021 and the analysis of the situation in the field of interethnic relations, the authors substantiate the need for the formation of intercultural competence by means of education. By the population composition with the passing of time Sverdlovsk Region will eventually become even more multinational, including due to migrants from the Central Asian countries coming both to work and to obtain citizenship. The regional authorities take this aspect into account in their work with the population: there is an Advisory Council for Nationalities, dozens of public organizations representing the ethno-cultural interests of a number of diasporas and ethnic groups, large interregional public organizations dealing with interethnic interaction. The problem of adapting children and youth from families with a migration history to a non-ethnic environment deserves attention, since the level of social tension and conflict of interethnic relations in the region where they live will potentially depend on the degree of their inclusion (integration) into the Russian society as they grow up. If multicultural Yekaterinburg schools and schools of Sverdlovsk region from time to time become the subject of consideration by researchers, there are no open access scientific publications of a complex nature that would systematically characterize the situation in the field of interethnic relations in educational organizations in the region, especially at the level of secondary vocational education. The study of the ethno-cultural component representation in the education system of Sverdlovsk region is conducted, as an example, the systematic work in forming intercultural competence in Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College is examined, recommendations are given to introduce “Ethics and culture of interethnic communication” as a basic discipline into the curricula of educational organizations of secondary vocational education.

Russian Orthodox Churches in Birlya and Taburnoe Villages of the Ulyanovsk Oblast

The article reflects the results of research on the topic «History and cultural heritage of the settlements of the Ulyanovsk region." The subject of the research is the history of the St. Michael the Archangel's Church and the Kazan-Mother of God church in the villages of Birlya and Taburnoe (now belonging to Melekessky district of the Ulyanovsk region). The purpose of the article is to identify the most important periods of the above-mentioned churches from the end of the 19-th century to the 1950-s, to establish the composition of the clergy, and the educational work of the clergy among the population. Analysis of unpublished documents from the Central State Archives of the Samara Region allowed to establish: the ethnic composition of the settlements, socio-economic status of inhabitants, reasons and patterns of migration of the local population; the foundation and liquidation dates of the churches, facts of life of church ministers and parish; statistical data on the economic structure of the clergy. The Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk and Kazan-Mother of God churches in the villages of Birlya and Taburnoye are lost monuments of the Orthodox cultural heritage. Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk and Kazan-Mother of God churches were built, respectively, at the end of the 19th century. and destroyed in the first half of the 1950-s. in connection with the construction of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric power station, and their location is flooded by a reservoir.

THE FRONTER AND IT’S COMPONENTS IN HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF UKRAINE

The purpose of the article is to define the concept of the frontier and its components in the historical geography of Ukraine. The concept of FJ Turner's frontier was substantiated in the researches of Ukrainian historians M. Hrushevskyі, S. Rudnytsky, and J. Dashkevych. The source base of the study consists of scientific and cartographic works of historians and geographers. Several aspects of the spatial representation of the frontier are considered – directly in the name "Ukraine", which was identified with the peripheral land and as an integral part of the Ukrainian lands – the Black Sea, the Wild Field, Sloboda Ukraine. It is established that the concept of the frontier as a border or border strip can be considered in the context of the problems of historical geography, and the Ukrainian lands are at the intersection of different border contact zones. The frontier plays a significant role in shaping the ethnic composition of the population, as the contact zone of different ethnic groups is usually formed in such frontline or border areas. A peculiar phenomenon in the context of this concept is part of the Southern Ukrainian territory – Budjak. The opinion is substantiated that the majority of the Ukrainian territory is considered to be a zone of continuous historicalgeographical and chronological frontier.

Anastas Benderev's 1890 Ethnographic Maps

This article deals with a pair of old ethnographic maps made by a Bulgarian officer (bearing the rank of Captain at the time) named Anastas Benderev (1859–1946). The maps were first published as folding attachments in Benderev’s book Military Geography and Statistics of Macedonia and Its Adjacent Territories on the Balkan Peninsula (Voennaia geografiia i statistika Makedonii i sosednikh s neiu oblastei Balkanskago poluostrova), which itself was published in Russian in Saint Petersburg in 1890. The stated purpose of the maps was to elucidate certain passages from the book, particularly those pertaining to the population’s ethnic composition. One of the maps (Etnograficheskaya karta Balkanskogo poluostrova) depicts the ethnicities across the entire Balkan Peninsula, while the other (Etnograficheskaya karta Makedonii) focuses on those within the confines of the historical and geographical territory of Macedonia. Due to a confluence of events, the maps in question are barely known and hardly ever used nowadays, even though they represent valuable relics from the era. This article aims to reintroduce them into the scientific discourse as historical documents of note.

Ethnic Composition of Couples and Mutual Health Benefit Receipt: Register-Based Evidence from Finland

The literature on health dependencies among partners typically ignores diversity of partnership characteristics. One salient example is the ethnic composition. We extend prior work on partnerships and health by investigating how married and cohabiting partners mutually influence each other’s receipt of health-related benefits, focusing on how such correlations vary with the couple’s ethnic composition. We study partners’ mutual receipt of sickness allowance and disability pension in ethnically endogamous and exogamous couples in Finland. The population consists of native individuals in similar socioeconomic positions but belonging to two different ethnic groups—Finnish and Swedish speakers—who differ in health and family life. Using data from population registers, we estimate discrete-time hazard models for first-time benefit receipt, as related to partner’s benefit receipt, among midlife couples. We found evidence of mutual receipt of health benefits in both endogamous and exogamous couples, the correlation being strongest for disability pension. Partner correlation in disability pension receipt is slightly stronger in endogamous Swedish than in endogamous Finnish couples, while women in exogamous couples are slightly less sensitive to men’s receipt than vice versa. The results show that mutual health may be heterogeneous across couples that differ in ethnic composition.

A Pitești-i Református Egyházközség első tíz évének demográfiai adatsorai a halálozási anyakönyvek tükrében

Demographic Data of the First Ten Years of Existence of the Pitești Reformed Church in the Light of the Official Death Registries. In the last three centuries, many Hungarians in Transylvania went to work and live in the southern part of the Carpathians. At first, they went just for seasonal work, but later they become permanent migrants. They founded new Reformed parishes and schools in the new locations. We have data on the population of Pitești from 1844, when Sándor Ürmösy described the ethnic and confessional composition of the town for the first time, and he mentions 1,500 Hungarians in Pitești. As result of the Reformed missionary work, the first Reformed churches were established in the most important towns of old Romania in the mid-19th century. The documents of those times reveal to us data on the demographic, confessional, and ethnic composition of the population. In this study, I attempted to find the most important data on the first ten years in the life of the Pitești Reformed community linked to its members’ age of death, cause of the death, and occupation. Keywords: mission, Pitești, Reformed Church, old Romania, official death registries