A semi-automatic seed point-based method for separation of individual vertebrae in 3D surface meshes: a proof of principle study

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present and validate a new semi-automated 3D surface mesh segmentation approach that optimizes the laborious individual human vertebrae separation in the spinal virtual surgical planning workflow and make a direct accuracy and segmentation time comparison with current standard segmentation method. Methods The proposed semi-automatic method uses the 3D bone surface derived from CT image data for seed point-based 3D mesh partitioning. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated on a representative patient dataset. In addition, the influence of the number of used seed points was studied. The investigators analyzed whether there was a reduction in segmentation time when compared to manual segmentation. Surface-to-surface accuracy measurements were applied to assess the concordance with the manual segmentation. Results The results demonstrated a statically significant reduction in segmentation time, while maintaining a high accuracy compared to the manual segmentation. A considerably smaller error was found when increasing the number of seed points. Anatomical regions that include articulating areas tend to show the highest errors, while the posterior laminar surface yielded an almost negligible error. Conclusion A novel seed point initiated surface based segmentation method for the laborious individual human vertebrae separation was presented. This proof-of-principle study demonstrated the accuracy of the proposed method on a clinical CT image dataset and its feasibility for spinal virtual surgical planning applications.

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Multifocal Central Giant Cell Granuloma of the Mandible in 9-Year-Old Boy with one Stage Surgery using Fibula Free Flaps with Virtual Surgical Planning

Austin Journal of Surgery ◽

10.26420/austinjsurg.2018.1151 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Lukasz Krakowczyk

Keyword(s):

Giant Cell ◽

Surgical Planning ◽

Free Flaps ◽

Giant Cell Granuloma ◽

Central Giant Cell Granuloma ◽

Virtual Surgical Planning ◽

One Stage

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The Use of a CAD/CAM Surgical Obturator Without Impressions to Restore a Maxillectomy Defect

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction Open ◽

10.1177/2472751221992972 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 247275122199297

Author(s):

Nicholas Callahan ◽

Sarah L. Moles ◽

Michael R. Markiewicz

Keyword(s):

Surgical Planning ◽

Tumor Resection ◽

Free Tissue Transfer ◽

Digital Impression ◽

Head And Neck Reconstruction ◽

Autologous Reconstruction ◽

Form And Function ◽

Virtual Surgical Planning ◽

Tissue Transfer ◽

Cad Cam

Immediate obturation of the patient undergoing maxillectomy who is not undergoing formal autologous reconstruction is important for immediate form and function of the patient. Exophytic tumors, that are large in dimension can make pre-operative obturator formation challenging. Traditional methods of obturator fabrication involve a physical or digital impression. Preoperative virtual surgical planning for tumor resection and reconstruction using free tissue transfer has become a mainstay in head and neck reconstruction. We describe a variation of this for a patient unable to undergo free tissue transfer where the authors used preoperative virtual surgical planning and CAD/CAM technologies to perform tumor resection, and fabricated an obturator based on the CT imaging alone.

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Same-Admission Microvascular Maxillofacial Ballistic Trauma Reconstruction Using Virtual Surgical Planning: A Case Series and Systematic Review

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction ◽

10.1177/19433875211026432 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 194338752110264

Author(s):

Sean A. Knudson ◽

Kristopher M. Day ◽

Patrick Kelley ◽

Pablo Padilla ◽

Ian X. Collier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Surgical Planning ◽

Average Length ◽

Case Series ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Oral Nutrition ◽

Microsurgical Reconstruction ◽

Virtual Surgical Planning ◽

And Function ◽

Ballistic Trauma

Study Design: Retrospective case series; systematic review. Objective: It is unknown whether the use of virtual surgical planning (VSP) to facilitate same-admission microsurgical reconstruction of the mandible following acute maxillofacial ballistic trauma (MBT) is sufficient to achieve definitive reconstruction and functional occlusion. Methods: A single-center retrospective analysis was conducted for patients who underwent microsurgical reconstruction of the mandible using VSP after acute MBT. The PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases were systematically reviewed using blinded screening. Studies were evaluated via thematic analysis. Results: Five patients were treated by same-admission and microsurgical reconstruction of the mandible using VSP. We observed an average of 16.4 ± 9.1 days between initial presentation and reconstruction, an average length of stay of 51.6 ± 17.9 days, 6.2 ± 2.8 operations, and 1.6 ± 0.9 free flaps per patient. Four types and 8 total flaps were employed, most commonly the anterior lateral thigh flap (37.5%). Care yielded complete flap survival. Each patient experienced at least 1 minor complication. All patients achieved centric occlusion, oral nutrition, and an approximation of their baseline facial aesthetic. Follow up was 191.0 ± 183.9 weeks. Systematic review produced 8 articles that adhered to inclusion criteria. Consensus themes in the literature were found for clinical goal and function of VSP when practicing MBT reconstruction, yet disagreement was found surrounding optimal treatment timeline. Conclusions: Same-admission microsurgical reconstruction after MBT is safe and effective to re-establish mandibular form and function. VSP did not delay reconstruction, given the need for preparation prior to definitive reconstruction.

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Virtual Surgical Planning, Stereolitographic Models and CAD/CAM Titanium Mesh for Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Fibula Flap with Iliac Crest Graft and Dental Implants

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10091922 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1922

Author(s):

Carlos Navarro Cuéllar ◽

Manuel Tousidonis Rial ◽

Raúl Antúnez-Conde ◽

Santiago Ochandiano Caicoya ◽

Ignacio Navarro Cuéllar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Resorption ◽

Surgical Planning ◽

Iliac Crest ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Titanium Mesh ◽

Iliac Crest Graft ◽

Virtual Surgical Planning ◽

Fibula Flap ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction ◽

Cad Cam

Mandibular reconstruction with fibula flap shows a 3D discrepancy between the fibula and the remnant mandible. Eight patients underwent three-dimensional reconstruction of the fibula flap with iliac crest graft and dental implants through virtual surgical planning (VSP), stereolitographic models (STL) and CAD/CAM titanium mesh. Vertical ridge augmentation and horizontal dimensions of the fibula, peri-implant bone resorption of the iliac crest graft, implant success rate and functional and aesthetic results were evaluated. Vertical reconstruction ranged from 13.4 mm to 10.1 mm, with an average of 12.22 mm. Iliac crest graft and titanium mesh were able to preserve the width of the fibula, which ranged from 8.9 mm to 11.7 mm, with an average of 10.1 mm. A total of 38 implants were placed in the new mandible, with an average of 4.75 ± 0.4 implants per patient and an osseointegration success rate of 94.7%. Two implants were lost during the osseointegration period (5.3%). Bone resorption was measured as peri-implant bone resorption at the mesial and distal level of each implant, with a variation between 0.5 mm and 2.4 mm, and with a mean of 1.43 mm. All patients were rehabilitated with a fixed implant prosthesis with good aesthetic and functional results.

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