scholarly journals Genetic variation in herbivore resistance within a strawberry crop wild relative (Fragaria vesca L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Weber ◽  
Paul A. Egan ◽  
Anne Muola ◽  
Johan A. Stenberg
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Fragaria Vesca ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Crop Wild Relative ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Woodland Strawberry ◽  
Resistance Traits

Abstract To decrease the dependency on chemical pesticides, the resistance of cultivated strawberry to pests needs to be increased. While genetic resources within domesticated varieties are limited, wild genotypes are predicted to show high heritable variation in useful resistance traits. We collected 86 wild accessions of Fragaria vesca L. from central Sweden and screened this germplasm for antibiosis (pest survival and performance) and antixenosis (pest preference) traits active against the strawberry leaf beetle (Galerucella tenella L.). First, extensive common garden experiments were used to study antibiosis traits in the sampled plant genotypes. Heritable genetic variation among plant genotypes was found for several antibiosis traits. Second, controlled cafeteria experiments were used to test for plant genetic variation in antixenosis traits. The leaf beetles avoided egg laying on plant genotypes possessing high antibiosis. This indicates a high degree of concordance between antibiosis and antixenosis and that the beetles’ egg-laying behavior optimizes the fitness of their offspring. The existence of high genetic variation in key resistance traits suggests that wild woodland strawberry contains untapped resources that are sought to reduce pesticide dependence in cultivated strawberry. Given that only a very small portion of the species’ distribution area was sampled, even higher variation may be expected at the continental scale. As a whole, the genetic resources identified in this study serve to strengthen the position of woodland strawberry as a key crop wild relative.

scholarly journals Genetic variation in herbivore resistance within a strawberry crop wild relative (Fragaria vesca L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Weber ◽  
Paul A. Egan ◽  
Anne Muola ◽  
Johan A. Stenberg
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Fragaria Vesca ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Crop Wild Relative ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Woodland Strawberry ◽  
Resistance Traits

AbstractTo decrease the dependency on chemical pesticides, the resistance of cultivated strawberry to pests needs to be increased. While genetic resources within domesticated varieties are limited, wild genotypes are predicted to show high heritable variation in useful resistance traits. We collected 86 wild accessions of Fragaria vesca L. from central Sweden and screened this germplasm for antibiosis (pest survival and performance) and antixenosis (pest preference) traits active against the strawberry leaf beetle (Galerucella tenella L.). First, extensive common garden experiments were used to study antibiosis traits in the sampled plant genotypes. Heritable genetic variation among plant genotypes was found for several antibiosis traits. Second, controlled cafeteria experiments were used to test for plant genetic variation in antixenosis traits. The leaf beetles avoided egg laying on plant genotypes possessing high antibiosis. This indicates a high degree of concordance between antibiosis and antixenosis, and that the beetles’ egg-laying behaviour optimizes the fitness of their offspring. The existence of high genetic variation in key resistance traits suggests that wild woodland strawberry contains untapped resources that are sought to reduce pesticide-dependence in cultivated strawberry. Given that only a very small portion of the species’ distribution area was sampled, even higher variation may be expected at the continental scale. As a whole, the genetic resources identified in this study serve to strengthen the position of woodland strawberry as a key crop wild relative.

scholarly journals Assessment of plant species diversity associated with the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua, Fabaceae) at the Mediterranean scale

2018 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Baumel ◽  
Pascal Mirleau ◽  
Juan Viruel ◽  
Magda Bou Dagher Kharrat ◽  
Stefano La Malfa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Restoration Ecology ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua ◽  
Western Basin ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Carob Tree ◽  
The Mediterranean

Background and aims – The thermophilous woodlands of the Mediterranean region constitute reservoirs of genetic resources for several fruit trees. Among them, the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua) is a key component of traditional Mediterranean agroecosystems but its ecology was never assessed at the scale of its whole distribution area. Fortunately, phytosociological literature shelters invaluable resources for several issues in conservation, among them the possibility to analyse plant biodiversity at regional or continental scale. Here, we present the results of a comprehensive survey of the phytosociological literature associated to carob tree. Methods – We collected 1542 floristic relevés performed in 18 geographical areas distributed around the Mediterranean in which the presence of C. siliqua was recorded. Species composition of the plant communities was analysed by multivariate ordination and hierarchical classification, and species diversity was evaluated by rarefaction and prediction analyses of Hill numbers. Key results – Multivariate analyses revealed that plant communities associated with the carob tree are well differentiated between the Western and Eastern basins. A wider range of floristic differentiation is revealed in the Western basin where the vegetation reaches its maximal heterogeneity. By comparison, in the Eastern basin the plant assemblages associated with the carob tree are more homogeneous and with a lower species richness but a higher Simpson diversity. Conclusions – The large ecological range of the Mediterranean carob trees is potentially an important evolutionary legacy for the conservation of genetic resources and seed sourcing for new uses such as restoration ecology.

scholarly journals Conservation status and sustainable local use of crop and crop wild relative species in the Bistoon protected area / West of Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Rostami ◽  
Korous Khoshbakht
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Crop Wild Relative ◽  
Local Use

Abstract Collecting information about crop wild relatives (CWRs) as vital genetic resources for food security is the first stage of monitoring them. In this study, which was conducted in a protected area, we surveyed the conservation status of CWR sand, and the interaction between the condition of these plants and their local use. From 338 plant species in the area, 179 crop wild relatives in 38 families were identified. None of them is threatened, but some endemic rare or vulnerable plants such as Alkanna frigida Boiss. could cause some anxiety. Among these species 19 species of CWRs have edible usage in this area. Harvesting the crop wild relatives from nature by the local people is seen as a conservative factor although this is not usually true of other species.

THE MALVI CAMEL: A NEWLY DISCOVERED BREED FROM INDIA

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Ilse Köhler Rollefson ◽  
H. S. Rathore
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Production System ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Distinct Population ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources

SUMARYThis paper describes the Malvi camel, a very distinctive breed from northern Madhya Pradesh (India), which is characterized by considerable milk production potential. Although the Malvi camel has long been recognized as a distinct population by local camel breeders, scientists were previously not aware of the existence of this breed. Information about the distribution area, estimated population size, and physical characteristics of the Malvi camel is provided and the prevailing management and production system is described. It is concluded that the Malvi camel represents a valuable genetic resource and that steps are necessary to ensure its survival as a separate gene-pool. The way in which this breed was discovered also demonstrates the need for utilizing local indigenous knowledge in the identification and documentation process of animal genetic resources.

Re-evaluation and typification of Foeniculum piperitum (Apiaceae), an underknown medicinal plant and crop wild relative

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 508 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
VINCENZO ILARDI ◽  
ANGELO TROIA
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Crop Wild Relative ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Ecological Separation

Foeniculum piperitum was described as Anethum piperitum based on plants collected in Sicily, Italy. Currently it is treated either as a synonym of Foeniculum vulgare, or as one of two subspecies within that taxon. Here we show that F. vulgare and F. piperitum are two different, sometimes co-occurring, taxa and that given clear morphological and ecological separation, they should be treated as distinct species. Anethum piperitum is typified. Owing to misapplication of names and wrong synonymizations, the ecology and chorology of F. vulgare and F. piperitum have to be better defined.

Artocarpus bergii (Moraceae), a New Species in the Breadfruit Clade from the Moluccas

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Elliot M. Gardner ◽  
Deby Arifiani ◽  
Nyree J.C. Zerega
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Crop Wild Relative ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
A New Species

Abstract—Artocarpus bergii, named for the late C. C. Berg, is from Halmahera in the Moluccas, and is a close ally of breadfruit (A. altilis). The species resembles the Micronesian A. mariannensis but with generally smaller parts. Because it is known from only a small area and the type locality is a potential mining site, A. bergii is likely of conservation concern, particularly given its status as a crop wild relative.

Crop wild relative information: developing a tool for its management and use.

2009 ◽  
pp. 504-512
Author(s):  
I. Thormann ◽  
A. Lane ◽  
K. Durah ◽  
M. E. Dulloo ◽  
S. Gaiji
Keyword(s):  
Wild Relative ◽  
Crop Wild Relative ◽  
Relative Information
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document