scholarly journals Second adjointness for tempered admissible representations of a real group

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Yom Din
Keyword(s):  
Real Group

The Value of Subjective Appreciation in the Medical Record – II. The Evalution of the General Condition of the Patient

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 103-105
Author(s):  
D. Lahaye ◽  
D. Roosels ◽  
J. Viaene
Keyword(s):  
Medical Record ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Computer File ◽  
Real Group ◽  
Empiric Data ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
Lower Limits

Based on the analysis of 13,110 medical examinations performed on a standardized population of pneumoconiosis patients recorded on the F.O.D. computer file, the authors describe the value of the subjective estimations of »obesity«, »thinness« or »normal weight« by their correlation with the observed weight and height. Although there are striking differences in appreciation between the physicians performing the examinations, the qualifications »obese«, »thin« or »normal« correspond with real group differences in weight, between certain limits which can be defined. The ratio between the observed weight and the expected weight (using the Broca formula) shows the same pattern. In tins way it becomes possible to propose upper and lower limits for obesity, thinness and normal weight based on purely empiric data. Feeding back this information to the examining physicians should help reduce the differences between physicians and improve the results. Therefore, the authors find it useful to keep such information in the computer file.

scholarly journals Group decisions based on confidence weighted majority voting

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Meyen ◽  
Dorothee M. B. Sigg ◽  
Ulrike von Luxburg ◽  
Volker H. Franz
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Group Processes ◽  
Majority Voting ◽  
Group Decisions ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Weighted Majority ◽  
Real Group ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Weighted Majority Voting

Abstract Background It has repeatedly been reported that, when making decisions under uncertainty, groups outperform individuals. Real groups are often replaced by simulated groups: Instead of performing an actual group discussion, individual responses are aggregated by a numerical computation. While studies have typically used unweighted majority voting (MV) for this aggregation, the theoretically optimal method is confidence weighted majority voting (CWMV)—if independent and accurate confidence ratings from the individual group members are available. To determine which simulations (MV vs. CWMV) reflect real group processes better, we applied formal cognitive modeling and compared simulated group responses to real group responses. Results Simulated group decisions based on CWMV matched the accuracy of real group decisions, while simulated group decisions based on MV showed lower accuracy. CWMV predicted the confidence that groups put into their group decisions well. However, real groups treated individual votes to some extent more equally weighted than suggested by CWMV. Additionally, real groups tend to put lower confidence into their decisions compared to CWMV simulations. Conclusion Our results highlight the importance of taking individual confidences into account when simulating group decisions: We found that real groups can aggregate individual confidences in a way that matches statistical aggregations given by CWMV to some extent. This implies that research using simulated group decisions should use CWMV instead of MV as a benchmark to compare real groups to.

Real group velocity in a medium with dissipation

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1383-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Muschietti ◽  
C. T. Dum
Keyword(s):  
Group Velocity ◽  
Real Group

scholarly journals Effect of Neurofeedback Facilitation on Post-stroke Gait and Balance Recovery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011989
Author(s):  
Masahito Mihara ◽  
Hiroaki Fujimoto ◽  
Noriaki Hattori ◽  
Hironori Otomune ◽  
Yuta Kajiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Gait Disturbance ◽  
Balance Recovery ◽  
The Real ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Real Group

Objective:To test the hypothesis that supplementary motor area (SMA) facilitation with functional near-infrared spectroscopy mediated neurofeedback (fNIRS-NFB) augments post-stroke gait and balance recovery. Using the 3-meter-Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test, we conducted this two-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial involving 54 Japanese patients.Methods:Patients with subcortical stroke-induced mild-to-moderate gait disturbance more than 12 weeks from onset, underwent 6 sessions of SMA neurofeedback facilitation during gait- and balance-related motor imagery using fNIRS-NFB. Participants were randomly allocated to intervention (REAL: 28 patients) or placebo (SHAM: 26 patients) group. In the REAL group, the fNIRS signal contained participants’ cortical activation information. Primary outcome was TUG improvement, 4 weeks post intervention.Results:The REAL group showed greater improvement in the TUG test (12.84 ± 15.07 s, 95% CI: 7.00-18.68) than the SHAM group (5.51± 7.64 s, 95% CI: 2.43 – 8.60; group difference 7.33 s, 95% CI: 0.83 – 13.83; p = 0.028), even after adjusting for covariates (group × time interaction; F1.23,61.69 = 4.50, p = 0.030, partial η2 = 0.083). Only the REAL group showed significantly increased imagery-related SMA activation and enhancement of resting-state connectivity between SMA and ventrolateral premotor area. Adverse effects associated with fNIRS-mediated neurofeedback intervention were absent.Conclusion:SMA facilitation during motor imagery using fNIRS neurofeedback may augment post-stroke gait and balance recovery by modulating the SMA and its related network.Classification of Evidence:This study provides Class III evidence that for patients with gait disturbance from subcortical stroke, SMA neurofeedback facilitation improves TUG time.

A randomized controlled trial with 4-month follow-up of adjunctive repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left prefrontal cortex for depression

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mogg ◽  
G. Pluck ◽  
S. V. Eranti ◽  
S. Landau ◽  
R. Purvis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Real Group ◽  
The Mean

BackgroundEffectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for major depression is unclear. The authors performed a randomized controlled trial comparing real and sham adjunctive rTMS with 4-month follow-up.MethodFifty-nine patients with major depression were randomly assigned to a 10-day course of either real (n=29) or sham (n=30) rTMS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Primary outcome measures were the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and proportions of patients meeting criteria for response (⩾50% reduction in HAMD) and remission (HAMD⩽8) after treatment. Secondary outcomes included mood self-ratings on Beck Depression Inventory-II and visual analogue mood scales, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) score, and both self-reported and observer-rated cognitive changes. Patients had 6-week and 4-month follow-ups.ResultsOverall, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores were modestly reduced in both groups but with no significant group×time interaction (p=0.09) or group main effect (p=0.85); the mean difference in HAMD change scores was −0.3 (95% CI −3.4 to 2.8). At end-of-treatment time-point, 32% of the real group were responders compared with 10% of the sham group (p=0.06); 25% of the real group met the remission criterion compared with 10% of the sham group (p=0.2); the mean difference in HAMD change scores was 2.9 (95% CI −0.7 to 6.5). There were no significant differences between the two groups on any secondary outcome measures. Blinding was difficult to maintain for both patients and raters.ConclusionsAdjunctive rTMS of the left DLPFC could not be shown to be more effective than sham rTMS for treating depression.

scholarly journals Parabolic Higgs bundles and representations of the fundamental group of a punctured surface into a real group

2020 ◽  
Vol 372 ◽  
pp. 107305
Author(s):  
Olivier Biquard ◽  
Oscar García-Prada ◽  
Ignasi Mundet i Riera
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Group ◽  
Higgs Bundles ◽  
Real Group

scholarly journals Morally Homogeneous Networks and Radicalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062110593
Author(s):  
Mohammad Atari ◽  
Aida Mostafazadeh Davani ◽  
Drew Kogon ◽  
Brendan Kennedy ◽  
Nripsuta Ani Saxena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Real Group ◽  
The World

Online radicalization is among the most vexing challenges the world faces today. Here, we demonstrate that homogeneity in moral concerns results in increased levels of radical intentions. In Study 1, we find that in Gab—a right-wing extremist network—the degree of moral convergence within a cluster predicts the number of hate-speech messages members post. In Study 2, we replicate this observation in another extremist network, Incels. In Studies 3 to 5 ( N = 1,431), we demonstrate that experimentally leading people to believe that others in their hypothetical or real group share their moral views increases their radical intentions as well as willingness to fight and die for the group. Our findings highlight the role of moral convergence in radicalization, emphasizing the need for diversity of moral worldviews within social networks.

scholarly journals Increased Accuracy of Emotion Recognition in Individuals with Autism-Like Traits after Five Days of Magnetic Stimulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Pingping Liu ◽  
Guixian Xiao ◽  
Kongliang He ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
Xinqi Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Social Deficits ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
The Real ◽  
Neural Modulation ◽  
Real Group ◽  
The Right

Individuals with autism-like traits (ALT) belong to a subclinical group with similar social deficits as autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Their main social deficits include atypical eye contact and difficulty in understanding facial expressions, both of which are associated with an abnormality of the right posterior superior temporal sulcus (rpSTS). It is still undetermined whether it is possible to improve the social function of ALT individuals through noninvasive neural modulation. To this end, we randomly assigned ALT individuals into the real (n=16) and sham (n=16) stimulation groups. All subjects received five consecutive days of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) on the rpSTS. Eye tracking data and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired on the first and sixth days. The real group showed significant improvement in emotion recognition accuracy after iTBS, but the change was not significantly larger than that in the sham group. Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between the rpSTS and the left cerebellum significantly decreased in the real group than the sham group after iTBS. At baseline, rsFC in the left cerebellum was negatively correlated with emotion recognition accuracy. Our findings indicated that iTBS of the rpSTS could improve emotion perception of ALT individuals by modulating associated neural networks. This stimulation protocol could be a vital therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ASD.

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