scholarly journals Exposure levels and health risk of PAHs associated with fine and ultrafine aerosols in an urban site in northern Algeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Teffahi ◽  
Yacine Kerchich ◽  
Yacine Moussaoui ◽  
Paola Romagnoli ◽  
Catia Balducci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Northern Algeria ◽  
Ultrafine Aerosols ◽  
Exposure Levels

Exposure and Risk Assessment with Respect to Contaminated Soil: Significance of Biomarkers and Bioavailability

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 419-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urvashi Rangan ◽  
Christine Hedli ◽  
Michael Gallo ◽  
Paul Lioy ◽  
Robert Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Subsequent Exposure ◽  
Gastrointestinal Barrier ◽  
Exposure Levels

The evaluation of health risk from chemical exposure is evolving in concept and practice. The ability to sensitively detect levels of chemicals in the environment has served as the traditional foundation for determining exposure levels and consequent health risks. More recently, however, other parameters have been constructed to probe the pathway between environmental levels of a chemical and the biological effects of subsequent exposure. Among these, two that are discussed in this paper are bioavailability and biomarker determinations. Chemicals in the environment often are associated with a medium such as airborne particulate, water, or soil. The interaction between the chemical and its medium is dependent on the physicochemical properties of the system. In some cases, such as 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in soil, the chemical becomes partially and irreversibly bound to the medium. Animalingestion studies of TCDD-contaminated soil suggest that some of the TCDD remains bound to the soil and does not cross the gastrointestinal barrier during digestion, and therefore only a fraction of the TCDD enters the blood and becomes bioavailable. The characterization of bioavailability provides for more accurate exposure assessment. Biomarker information potentially can validate exposure assessment information from bioavailability studies, elucidate specific biological effects from chemical exposure, and investigate genetic susceptibility issues that may increase the likelihood that an individual or population will experience increased health risks. Benzene-induced chromosome damage is discussed as an example of a significant biomarker that has demonstrated the potential for providing information useful for accurately prediction health risk.

scholarly journals Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban and Suburban Atmospheres in Central China: Spatiotemporal Patterns, Source Implications, and Health Risk Assessment

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeng ◽  
Guo ◽  
Cheng ◽  
Wang ◽  
Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central China ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Coal Burning

: Ambient aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) are hazardous air pollutants and the main precursors of ozone (O3). In this study, the characteristics of ambient AHs were investigated at an urban site (Ziyang, ZY) and a suburban site (Jiangxia, JX) in Wuhan, Central China, in 2017. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was used to investigate the sources of AHs, and a health risk assessment was applied to estimate the effects of AHs on human health. The concentrations of total AHs at ZY (2048 ± 1364 pptv) were comparable (p > 0.05) to that (2023 ± 1015 pptv) at JX. Source apportionment results revealed that vehicle exhaust was the dominant source of both, total AHs, and toluene, contributing 51.9 ± 13.1% and 49.3 ± 9.5% at ZY, and 44.7 ± 12.6% and 43.2 ± 10.2% at JX, respectively. Benzene was mainly emitted from vehicle exhaust at ZY (50.2 ± 15.5%), while it was mainly released from biomass and coal burning sources at JX (50.6 ± 16.7%). The health risk assessment results indicated that AHs did not have a significant non-carcinogenic risk, while the carcinogenic risks of benzene exceeded the regulatory limits set by the USEPA for adults (1 × 10−6) at both sites. Hence, controlling the emissions of vehicular and biomass/coal burning sources will be an effective way to reduce ambient AHs and the health risk of benzene exposure in this region. These findings will enhance our knowledge of ambient AHs in Central China and be helpful for local governments to formulate air pollution control strategies.

Exposure levels of air pollution (PM2.5) and associated health risk in Kuwait

2019 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 108730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Al-Hemoud ◽  
Janvier Gasana ◽  
Abdullah Al-Dabbous ◽  
Abdullah Alajeel ◽  
Ahmad Al-Shatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Exposure Levels

scholarly journals External exposure levels and fluoride content in the urine of workers at aluminium electrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 1391-1396
Author(s):  
Salim F. Shayakhmetov ◽  
Alexey V. Merinov ◽  
Lyudmila G. Lisetskaya ◽  
Nina M. Meschakova ◽  
Victor S. Rukavishnikov
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Fluoride Content ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Aluminium Production ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Fluoride Salts

Introduction. In the context of large-scale modernization and intensification of aluminium production, it becomes relevant to assess the actual fluoride loads and the main factors that determine the occupational exposure of workers to fluorides for health risk analysis. Materials and methods. Monitoring studies of the content of hydrofluoride and aerosols of fluoride salts in the air of electrolysis shops were carried out with traditional and modernized technologies for producing aluminium and fluorine in urine in 108 workers of the primary professions and 35 people in the control group. Determination of the concentration of fluorides was carried out by photometric methods, and fluorine in urine - by ionometric methods. Results. The total concentration of fluoride compounds in the air of the modernized shops was 1.4-2.1 times lower than the values in traditional shops. The fluoride content in the urine of workers in these workshops ranged from 0.8 to 4.7 mg/l, 1.1-6.7 times higher than the level of the control group and 1.1-2.3 times the limit value of the biological exposure index. The highest external and internal fluoride loads and associated health risks are found in workers who maintain electrolyzers and anodes. A closer, noticeable (r = 0.644) correlation was found between the content of fluoride in urine and the levels of gaseous hydrofluoride in the air, indicating its predominant effect on workers compared to other determinants (total concentration of fluorides, seniority and age). Conclusion. The studies’ results indicate a high additional informative value and reliability of biomonitoring of fluoride in urine, which, combined with analysis of air pollution with fluorides, provides a completely objective assessment of the risk of exposure to workers. The presence of high levels of hydrofluoride in the air of electrolysis shops creates a higher occupational health risk for workers.

Characterization of metals in PM1 and PM10 and health risk evaluation at an urban site in the western Mediterranean

Chemosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Galindo ◽  
E. Yubero ◽  
J.F. Nicolás ◽  
M. Varea ◽  
J. Crespo
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Health Risk Evaluation
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