Влияние ультрафиолетового света на люминесценцию (700-1000 nm) кристаллов LiF и LiF : ОН, облученных в ядерном реакторе

The emission (700-1000 nm) and absorption (200-800 nm) spectra of LiF and LiF:OH crystals irradiated in a reactor and exposed to ultraviolet light, including those combined with mechanical loading, have been studied. The aim of this work is to study the behavior of laser color centers in these systems. In the 710–825 nm range, diametrically opposite results are observed: high stability of F4-like centers in “pure” LiF and their sharp destruction in LiF:OH crystals. At the same time, in both groups, F3 and F4 centers are destroyed and F2+ and F3- laser centers (825–925 nm) are intensely accumulated. Upon subsequent exposure at room temperature and darkness, spontaneous disintegration of laser centers is observed, accompanied by an increase of concentration of F4-like centers and restoration of the microstructure of irradiated crystals.

Evaluation of the impact of pre- and post-harvest maize handling practices on mycotoxin contamination on smallholder farms in Guatemala

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi including Aspergillus and Fusarium that commonly contaminate crops, such as maize, resulting in economic losses and food insecurity. Mycotoxins can contaminate crops during pre- and post-harvest stages. Consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated foods has been linked to a variety of negative health outcomes including liver cancer, stunting, and neural tube defects. In countries such as Guatemala where maize constitutes a major portion of the diet, mycotoxins can be a significant contributor to disease burden. This review describes maize pre- and post-harvest practices in Guatemala that can lead to the development of mycotoxins and subsequent exposure to humans and animals, current information gaps, and opportunities for future research. There are specific challenges to minimising fungal growth and subsequent mycotoxin production during storage of maize in Guatemala, including reducing moisture content, minimising pest damage, and controlling temperature. Research on maize-handling practices that are associated with the greatest mycotoxin exposure in Guatemala is needed to prioritise allocation of resources and reduce exposure.

Evolution of anti-modified protein antibody responses can be driven by consecutive exposure to different post-translational modifications

Background Besides anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), rheumatoid arthritis patients (RA) often display autoantibody reactivities against other post-translationally modified (PTM) proteins, more specifically carbamylated and acetylated proteins. Immunizing mice with one particular PTM results in an anti-modified protein antibody (AMPA) response recognizing different PTM-antigens. Furthermore, human AMPA, isolated based on their reactivity to one PTM, cross-react with other PTMs. However, it is unclear whether the AMPA-reactivity profile is “fixed” in time or whether consecutive exposure to different PTMs can shape the evolving AMPA response towards a particular PTM. Methods Longitudinally collected serum samples of 8 human individuals at risk of RA and 5 with early RA were tested with ELISA, and titers were analyzed to investigate the evolution of the AMPA responses over time. Mice (13 per immunization group in total) were immunized with acetylated (or carbamylated) protein (ovalbumin) twice or cross-immunized with an acetylated and then a carbamylated protein (or vice versa) and their serum was analyzed for AMPA responses. Results Human data illustrated dynamic changes in AMPA-reactivity profiles in both individuals at risk of RA and in early RA patients. Mice immunized with either solely acetylated or carbamylated ovalbumin (AcOVA or CaOVA) developed reactivity against both acetylated and carbamylated antigens. Irrespective of the PTM-antigen used for the first immunization, a booster immunization with an antigen bearing the other PTM resulted in increased titers to the second/booster PTM. Furthermore, cross-immunization skewed the overall AMPA-response profile towards a relatively higher reactivity against the “booster” PTM. Conclusions The relationship between different reactivities within the AMPA response is dynamic. The initial exposure to a PTM-antigen induces cross-reactive responses that can be boosted by an antigen bearing this or other PTMs, indicating the formation of cross-reactive immunological memory. Upon subsequent exposure to an antigen bearing another type of PTM, the overall reactivity pattern can be skewed towards better recognition of the later encountered PTM. These data might explain temporal differences in the AMPA-response profile and point to the possibility that the PTM responsible for the initiation of the AMPA response may differ from the PTM predominantly recognized later in time.

Exposure to negative acts at work and self-labelling as a victim of workplace bullying: The role of prior victimization from bullying

The present study examines employees’ prior victimization from bullying in school or at work as a predictor of 1) their current exposure to negative social acts at work and 2) the likelihood of labelling as a victim of workplace bullying, and 3) whether the link between exposure to negative acts at work and the perception of being bullied is stronger among those who have been bullied in the past. We tested our hypotheses using a probability sample of the Norwegian working population in a prospective design with a 5-year time lag (N = 1228). As hypothesized, prior victimization positively predicted subsequent exposure to negative acts, which in turn was related to a higher likelihood of developing a perception of being a victim of workplace bullying. However, contrary to our expectations, prior victimization from bullying did not affect the relationship between current exposure to negative acts at work and the likelihood of self-labelling as a victim. Taken together, the results suggest that employees’ prior victimization is a risk factor for future victimization, yet overall plays a rather modest role in understanding current exposure to negative acts and self-labelled victimization from bullying at work.

Survival of white blood cells of mice (Mus musculus L) on interval AD with CD post gamma radiation Co-60

One of the phenomena of the low-dose radiation effect is the radio adaptation response which is an important part of the response of molecules, cells, and body tissues to ionizing radiation. The phenomenon of radio adaptation response is a response that occurs when changes in gene expression can be induced by exposure to low doses of radiation (<0.5 Gy). Changes in the expression of this gene under certain circumstances serve to protect cells against the effects caused by subsequent exposure to higher doses of radiation, so this situation is known as an adaptive response or radio adaptation response. Cells can respond to very low doses of radiation with some changes in gene expression. Beginning with the administration of radiation to cells with a very low dose, known as the adaptation dose (AD), and then in a short period being given a larger dose of radiation, known as the challenge dose (CD), there was a decrease in the number of induced chromosome aberrations when compared to cells that were not irradiated at an adapted dose. The purpose of this study was to obtain a radiotherapy method that could show a reduction in the patient's dose.

Infectious Bronchitis Virus (Gammacoronavirus) in Poultry Farming: Vaccination, Immune Response and Measures for Mitigation

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) poses significant financial and biosecurity challenges to the commercial poultry farming industry. IBV is the causative agent of multi-systemic infection in the respiratory, reproductive and renal systems, which is similar to the symptoms of various viral and bacterial diseases reported in chickens. The avian immune system manifests the ability to respond to subsequent exposure with an antigen by stimulating mucosal, humoral and cell-mediated immunity. However, the immune response against IBV presents a dilemma due to the similarities between the different serotypes that infect poultry. Currently, the live attenuated and killed vaccines are applied for the control of IBV infection; however, the continual emergence of IB variants with rapidly evolving genetic variants increases the risk of outbreaks in intensive poultry farms. This review aims to focus on IBV challenge–infection, route and delivery of vaccines and vaccine-induced immune responses to IBV. Various commercial vaccines currently have been developed against IBV protection for accurate evaluation depending on the local situation. This review also highlights and updates the limitations in controlling IBV infection in poultry with issues pertaining to antiviral therapy and good biosecurity practices, which may aid in establishing good biorisk management protocols for its control and which will, in turn, result in a reduction in economic losses attributed to IBV infection.

Composite thin films based on multilayer carbon nanotubes and calcium phosphate with electrical conductive properties for bone tissue engineering

This work is aimed at developing of electrically conductive composite thin films based on calcium phosphates (CP) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) for bone tissue engineering. A method based on the sputtering of an dispersion of CPs and MWCNTs on a substrate with subsequent exposure to a laser with different power values to form connected networks of nanotubes has been proposed. It is shown that the electrical conductivity of CP/MWCNT films reaches high values for dispersions with a MWCNT concentration of 1 mg/ml when exposed to laser radiation with a power of 2.1–3.0 W. It was found that ablation areas of CPs and MWCNTs as a result of exposure to a high-power laser are found in areas of the film with increased resistance.

Classification Performance and Feature Space Characteristics in Individuals with Upper Limb Loss Using Sonomyography

Objective: Sonomyography, or ultrasound-based sensing of muscle deformation, is an emerging modality for upper limb prosthesis control. Although prior studies have shown that individuals with upper limb loss can achieve successful motion classification with sonomyography, it is important to better understand the time-course over which proficiency develops. In this study, we characterized user performance during their initial and subsequent exposures to sonomyography. Method: Ultrasound images corresponding to a series of hand gestures were collected from individuals with transradial limb loss under three scenarios: during their initial exposure to sonomyography (Experiment 1), during a subsequent exposure to sonomyography where they were provided biofeedback as part of a training protocol (Experiment 2), and during testing sessions held on different days (Experiment 3). User performance was characterized by offline classification accuracy, as well as metrics describing the consistency and separability of the sonomyography signal patterns in feature space. Results: Classification accuracy was high during initial exposure to sonomyography (96.2 ± 5.9%) and did not systematically change with the provision of biofeedback or on different days. Despite this stable classification performance, some of the feature space metrics changed. Conclusions: User performance was strong upon their initial exposure to sonomyography and did not improve with subsequent exposure. Clinical Impact: Prosthetists may be able to quickly assess if a patient will be successful with sonomyography without submitting them to an extensive training protocol, leading to earlier socket fabrication and delivery.

HIGH ALTITUDE PULMONARY EDEMA (HAPE)

Introduction: High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is one of the acute, severe, non- cardiogenic disease that could be life threatening, occurs upon either the first or subsequent exposure to high altitude. It is triggered by a shortage of oxygen after ascending high altitude. The most effective therapeutic approach for HAPE is to immediately descend from high altitude and to give oxygenation, maintaining arterial saturation over 90%, as well as letting the patient rest from strenuous physical activity. The use of portable hyperbaric chamber is also deemed effective in certain circumstance, and nifedipine can also be used to treat HAPE, even as additional treatment in condition that the patients had yet to descend and oxygenation is still not administrable. Case Report: We reported a case at Rs. Dr. Saiful Anwar, a 23-year-old male with High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE). Diagnosis established from anamnesis, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Patient complained shortness of breath when climbing Mt. Semeru, in which the patient reached an altitude of 2700 mdpl in 2 days. Physical examination showed oxygen saturation 46-49% with NRBM 10 lpm, and rhonchi breath sound in all lung areas. Laboratory examination showed leukocytosis, blood gas analysis showed hypocarbia, severe hipoxemia, metabolic acidosis, and type I respiratory failure. Ches XRay showed wide, irregular infiltrate in both lungs. Based on those, the patient was diagnosed with HAPE. In this case, the patient was given oxygenation. Conclusion: In this case, the patient was diagnosed with HAPE based on anamnesis, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Oxygenation given to the patient improved his condition.