scholarly journals Influence of Patient-Specific Covariates on Test Validity of Two Delirium Screening Instruments in Neurocritical Care Patients (DEMON-ICU)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Weiss ◽  
Nicolas Paul ◽  
Claudia D. Spies ◽  
Dennis Ullrich ◽  
Ingrid Ansorge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurocritical Care ◽  
Test Validity ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristics ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Sedation Scale ◽  
Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Neurosurgical Intervention

Abstract Background Delirium screening instruments (DSIs) should be used to detect delirium, but they only show moderate sensitivity in patients with neurocritical illness. We explored whether, for these patients, DSI validity is impacted by patient-specific covariates. Methods Data were prospectively collected in a single-center quality improvement project. Patients were screened for delirium once daily using the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) and the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). Reference was the daily assessment using criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). In a two-step receiver operating characteristics regression analysis adjusting for repeated measurements, the impact of acute diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), neurosurgical intervention, Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale, and ventilation status on test validity was determined. Results Of 181 patients screened, 101 went into final analysis. Delirium incidence according to DSM-IV-TR was 29.7%. For the first complete assessment series (CAM-ICU, ICDSC, and DSM-IV-TR), sensitivity for the CAM-ICU and the ICDSC was 73.3% and 66.7%, and specificity was 91.8% and 94.1%, respectively. Consideration of daily repeated measurements increased sensitivity for the CAM-ICU and ICDSC to 75.7% and 73.4%, and specificity to 97.3% and 98.9%, respectively. Receiver operating characteristics regression revealed that lower Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale levels significantly impaired validity of the ICDSC (p = 0.029) and the CAM-ICU in its severity scale version (p = 0.004). Neither acute diagnosis of stroke or TIA nor neurosurgical intervention or mechanical ventilation significantly influenced DSI validity. Conclusions The CAM-ICU and ICDSC perform well in patients requiring neurocritical care, regardless of the presence of acute stroke, TIA, or neurosurgical interventions. Yet, even very light or moderate sedation can significantly impair DSI performance.

Kriteriumsbezogene Cut-Off-Werte für Tätigkeitsspielraum und Arbeitsintensität

Diagnostica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Mustapha ◽  
Renate Rau
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristics ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Receiver Operating

Zusammenfassung. Cut-Off-Werte ermöglichen eine ökonomische, binäre Beurteilung von Summenscores. Für Beanspruchungsfragebögen, die personenbezogene Merkmale erfragen, sind Cut-Off-Werte häufig vorhanden und in der klinischen Diagnostik unerlässlich. Für die Bewertung von Arbeitsmerkmalen sind Cut-Off-Werte ebenfalls wünschenswert. Bislang fehlen sie jedoch für die Beurteilung von Arbeitsmerkmalen wie Arbeitsintensität und Tätigkeitsspielraum. Zwischen 2006 und 2016 wurden daher in verschiedenen Branchen 801 objektive Arbeitsplatzanalysen durchgeführt, welche eine Unterteilung in gut und schlecht gestalteten Tätigkeitsspielraum sowie gut und schlecht gestaltete Arbeitsintensität nach DIN EN ISO 6385 (2016) ermöglichen. Anhand dieser Unterteilung wurden mit der Receiver-Operating-Characteristics-Analyse Cut-Off-Werte für den subjektiv-bedingungsbezogen Fragebogen zum Erleben von Arbeitsintensität und Tätigkeitsspielraum (FIT; Richter et al., 2000 ) ermittelt. Für den Tätigkeitsspielraum weisen Summenscores ≤ 22 und für die Arbeitsintensität Summenscores ≥ 15 auf eine schlechte Gestaltung des jeweiligen Arbeitsmerkmals hin. Anhand einer weiteren Stichprobe von 1 076 Arbeitenden konnte gezeigt werden, dass Arbeitende mit schlecht gestaltetem Tätigkeitspielraum vital erschöpfter sowie weniger engagiert sind und Arbeitende mit schlecht gestalteter Arbeitsintensität eine höhere Erholungsunfähigkeit sowie vitale Erschöpfung aufweisen.

Comparison of Rheumatological Diagnoses by a Bayesian Program and by Physicians

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (03) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Moens ◽  
J. K. van der Korst
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristics ◽  
Bayesian Decision ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Mathematical Basis ◽  
Human Expert ◽  
Test Population ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Outcome

AbstractA Bayesian decision support system was developed for the diagnosis of rheumatic disorders. Knowledge in this system is represented as evidential weights of findings. Simple weights were calculated as the logarithm of likelihood ratios on the basis of 1,000 consecutive patients from a rheumatological clinic. The effect of various methods to improve performance of the system by modification of the weights was studied. Three methods had a mathematical basis; a fourth consisted of weights adapted by a human expert, which allowed inclusion of diagnostic rules such as defined in widely accepted criteria sets. The system’s performance was measured in a test population of 570 different cases from the same clinic and compared with predictions of diagnostic outcome made by rheumatologists. The weights from a human expert gave optimal results (sensitivity 65% and specificity 96%), that were close to the physicians’ predictions (sensitivity 64% and specificity 98%). The methods to measure the performance of the various models used in this study emphasize sensitivity, specificity and the use of receiver operating characteristics.

scholarly journals Arterial Digital Pulse Photoplethysmography in Patients with Suspected Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Study of the “Ca+Pra” Maneuver

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1128
Author(s):  
Jeanne Hersant ◽  
Pierre Ramondou ◽  
Francine Thouveny ◽  
Mickael Daligault ◽  
Mathieu Feuilloy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristics ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Digital Pulse ◽  
Arterial Inflow ◽  
Receiver Operating

The level of pulse amplitude (PA) change in arterial digital pulse plethysmography (A-PPG) that should be used to diagnose thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is debated. We hypothesized that a modification of the Roos test (by moving the arms forward, mimicking a prayer position (“Pra”)) releasing an eventual compression that occurs in the surrender/candlestick position (“Ca”) would facilitate interpretation of A-PPG results. In 52 subjects, we determined the optimal PA change from rest to predict compression at imaging (ultrasonography +/− angiography) with receiver operating characteristics (ROC). “Pra”-PA was set as 100%, and PA was expressed in normalized amplitude (NA) units. Imaging found arterial compression in 23 upper limbs. The area under ROC was 0.765 ± 0.065 (p < 0.0001), resulting in a 91.4% sensitivity and a 60.9% specificity for an increase of fewer than 3 NA from rest during “Ca”, while results were 17.4% and 98.8%, respectively, for the 75% PA decrease previously proposed in the literature. A-PPG during a “Ca+Pra” test provides demonstrable proof of inflow impairment and increases the sensitivity of A-PPG for the detection of arterial compression as determined by imaging. The absence of an increase in PA during the “Ca” phase of the “Ca+Pra” maneuver should be considered indicative of arterial inflow impairment.

scholarly journals Indicadores antropométricos de sobrepeso e obesidade como preditores de alterações lipídicas em adolescentes

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmem Cristina Beck ◽  
Adair da Silva Lopes ◽  
Francisco José G. Pitanga
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristics ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Receiver Operating

OBJETIVO: Identificar o poder preditivo dos indicadores antropométricos de sobrepeso e obesidade para alterações lipídicas em adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal envolvendo 660 adolescentes de 14 a 19 anos (317 rapazes; 343 moças). Foram considerados os seguintes indicadores antropométricos: índice de massa corpórea (IMC), circunferência da cintura, razão cintura/estatura e índice de conicidade. As alterações lipídicas foram caracterizadas pelo colesterol total (CT) superior a 170mg/dL e lipoproteínas de alta densidade (HDL-C) inferiores a 45mg/dL. Para identificar os preditores das alterações lipídicas, adotou-se a análise das curvas Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC). Foram calculados os pontos de corte com suas respectivas sensibilidades e especificidades e, posteriormente, as razões de prevalência entre os indicadores antropométricos e os desfechos investigados. RESULTADOS: As áreas sob as curvas ROC (intervalo de confiança de 95%) para CT elevado nos rapazes e respectivos pontos de corte foram: IMC de 0,74 (0,65-0,83) e 21,7kg/m²; circunferência de cintura de 0,73 (0,65-0,82) e 74cm; razão cintura/estatura de 0,72 (0,63-0,81) e 0,4; índice de conicidade de 0,60 (0,50-0,69) e 1,1. Para a predição dos baixos níveis de HDL-C, as áreas da curva ROC e os pontos de corte foram: IMC dos rapazes de 0,58 (0,52-0,64) e 20,7kg/m²; para as moças de 0,61 (0,53-0,69) e 20,8kg/m²; circunferência de cintura, rapazes com 0,57 (0,50-0,63) e 73,3cm, moças com 0,63 (0,55-0,72) e 71,5cm; razão cintura/estatura (C/Est), rapazes de 0,58 (0,52-0,65) e C/Est de 0,4, moças de 0,62 (0,54-0,70) e C/Est de 0,4; índice de conicidade, moças de 0,60 (0,51-0,68) e 1,1. CONCLUSÕES: Os indicadores antropométricos foram bons preditores de CT elevado nos rapazes e razoáveis para os baixos níveis de HDL-C para rapazes e moças.

scholarly journals Combined Omic Analyzes of Cerebral Thrombi: A New Molecular Approach to Identify Cardioembolic Stroke Origin

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Suissa ◽  
Jean-Marie Guigonis ◽  
Fanny Graslin ◽  
Emmanuelle Robinet-Borgomano ◽  
Yves Chau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Prevention ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Cardioembolic Stroke ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristics ◽  
Secondary Stroke Prevention ◽  
Molecular Approach ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Cardiac Pathology ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Receiver Operating

Background and Purpose: The diagnosis of cardioembolic stroke can be challenging for patient management in secondary stroke prevention, particularly in the case of covert paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The molecular composition of a cerebral thrombus is related to its origin. Therefore, proteomic and metabolomic analyses of the retrieved thrombotic material should allow the identification of biomarkers or signatures to improve the etiological diagnosis of stroke. Methods: In this pilot study, the proteome and metabolome of cerebral thrombi from atherothrombotic and cardioembolic stroke patients were studied according to ASCOD phenotyping (A: atherosclerosis; S: small-vessel disease; C: cardiac pathology; O: other causes; D: dissection), with the highest causality grade, from the ThrombiOMIC cohort (consecutive patients with stroke recanalized by mechanical thrombectomy in an acute phase). Proteomic and metabolomic results were used separately or combined, and the obtained omic signatures were compared with classical cardioembolic stroke predictors using pairwise comparisons of the area under receiver operating characteristics. Results: Among 59 patients of the ThrombiOMIC cohort, 34 patients with stroke showed a cardioembolic phenotype and 7 had an atherothrombotic phenotype. Two thousand four hundred fifty-six proteins and 5019 molecular features of the cerebral thrombi were identified using untargeted proteomic and metabolomic approaches, respectively. Area under receiver operating characteristics to predict the cardioembolic origin of stroke were calculated using the proteomic results (0.945 [95% CI, 0.871–1]), the metabolomic results (0.836 [95% CI, 0.714–0.958]), and combined signatures (0.996 [95% CI, 0.984–1]). The diagnostic performance of the combined signatures was significantly higher than that of classical predictors such as the plasmatic BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) level (area under receiver operating characteristics, 0.803 [95% CI, 0.629–0.976]). Conclusions: The combined proteomic and metabolomic analyses of retrieved cerebral thrombi is a very promising molecular approach to predict the cardioembolic cause of stroke and to improve secondary stroke prevention strategies.

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