Phybrata Sensors and Machine Learning for Enhanced Neurophysiological Diagnosis and Treatment

Concussion injuries remain a significant public health challenge. A significant unmet clinical need remains for tools that allow related physiological impairments and longer-term health risks to be identified earlier, better quantified, and more easily monitored over time. We address this challenge by combining a head-mounted wearable inertial motion unit (IMU)-based physiological vibration acceleration (“phybrata”) sensor and several candidate machine learning (ML) models. The performance of this solution is assessed for both binary classification of concussion patients and multiclass predictions of specific concussion-related neurophysiological impairments. Results are compared with previously reported approaches to ML-based concussion diagnostics. Using phybrata data from a previously reported concussion study population, four different machine learning models (Support Vector Machine, Random Forest Classifier, Extreme Gradient Boost, and Convolutional Neural Network) are first investigated for binary classification of the test population as healthy vs. concussion (Use Case 1). Results are compared for two different data preprocessing pipelines, Time-Series Averaging (TSA) and Non-Time-Series Feature Extraction (NTS). Next, the three best-performing NTS models are compared in terms of their multiclass prediction performance for specific concussion-related impairments: vestibular, neurological, both (Use Case 2). For Use Case 1, the NTS model approach outperformed the TSA approach, with the two best algorithms achieving an F1 score of 0.94. For Use Case 2, the NTS Random Forest model achieved the best performance in the testing set, with an F1 score of 0.90, and identified a wider range of relevant phybrata signal features that contributed to impairment classification compared with manual feature inspection and statistical data analysis. The overall classification performance achieved in the present work exceeds previously reported approaches to ML-based concussion diagnostics using other data sources and ML models. This study also demonstrates the first combination of a wearable IMU-based sensor and ML model that enables both binary classification of concussion patients and multiclass predictions of specific concussion-related neurophysiological impairments.

To Assess the Effectiveness of Self-Instructional Module on Knowledge Regarding Selection of Play Articles for Children and Its Importance among Parents of 6-12 Years Children

Introduction: Kids are humanity's hope. The children of today are the masters of the world of the future. The saying goes, "Health is richness." Therefore, if children are happy, they will be healthier for the future generation, a healthy nation's result. Play articles are more than just playing things, but while they should be enjoyable, they should also be children's age-appropriate physical and emotional growth. It is necessary to consider playing items or playing articles as a cognitive learning tool for children. Objective: Assess the knowledge and effectiveness of the self-instructional module regarding the selection of play articles for children and its importance among parents of 6-12 years of children. Associate the post-test knowledge score with selected demographic variables among parents of 6-12 years of children. Methods: Study research design is a pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test. Population in this study parent of 6-12 years children selected area of Wardha city with 80 parents to use close-ended structured questionnaires have been used in this study for assessing knowledge. Results: The finding of the study shows that the post-test, the sample was had a poor level of knowledge score, none of them had a poor level of knowledge score, none of them had an average level of knowledge, none of them had a good level of knowledge score, 52 (78.75%) had an excellent level of knowledge score and 28 (21.25%) have a very good level of knowledge, The minimum score was 13 and the maximum score was 19, the mean score was 16.79 ± 1.290 with a mean percentage score of 55.96%. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study shows that 28 (21.25%) having a very good level of knowledge and 52(78.75%) having an excellent level of knowledge.

Chemical composition and the insecticidal activity of Aeollanthus pubescens leaf essential oil against Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto

Background The excessive use of synthetic insecticides is responsible for many cases of resistance in insects. Therefore, the use of natural molecules of ecological interest with insecticidal properties is an alternative approach to the use of synthetic insecticides. The aim of this study is to investigating the larvicidal and adulticidal activity and the chemical composition of the essential oil of Aeollanthus pubescens on the major malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae. Methods Three reference strains of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (Kisumu, Kiskdr and Acerkis) were used in this study. The leaves of A. pubescens were collected in southern Benin. The standard World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines for larvicide evaluation were used, and the chemical composition of the essential oil was analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Adult mosquitoes of each strain were exposed to pieces of net coated with the essential oil for 3 min using the WHO cone bioassay method. Probit regression analysis was used to determine the concentrations that would kill 50 and 95% of each test population (LC50, LC95) and the knockdown time for 50 and 95% of each test population (KDT50, and KDT95). The difference between the mortality–dose regressions for the different strains was analysed using the likelihood ratio test (LRT). The log-rank test was performed to evaluate the difference in survival between the strains. Results A total of 14 components were identified, accounting for 98.3% of total oil content. The major components were carvacrol (51.1%), thymyle acetate (14.0%) and ɣ-terpinene (10.6%). The essential oil showed larvicidal properties on the Kisumu, Acerkis and Kiskdr strains, with LC50 of 29.6, 22.9 and 28.4 ppm, respectively. With pieces of netting treated at 165 µg/cm2, the KDT50 of both Acerkis (1.71 s; Z = 3.34, P < 0.001) and Kiskdr (2.67 s; Z = 3.49, P < 0.001) individuals were significantly lower than that of Kisumu (3.8 s). The lifespan of the three mosquito strains decreased to 1 day for Kisumu (χ2 = 99, df = 1, P < 0.001), 2 days for Acerkis (χ2 = 117, df = 1, P < 0.001) and 3 days for Kiskdr (χ2 = 96.9, df = 1, P < 0.001). Conclusion Our findings show that A. pubescens essential oil has larvicide and adulticide properties against the malaria vector An. gambiae sensu stricto, suggesting that this essential oil may be a potential candidate for the control of the resistant malaria-transmitting vectors. Graphical Abstract

Investigating the Relationships Between Listening Skills and Genre Competence Through Cognitive Diagnosis Approach

Although research on listening skills has been frequently conducted to discover the nature of listening comprehension, there is little study about listening genre competence which is related with knowledge about listening text types. In order to find out whether listening skills and listening genre competence are related, cognitive diagnosis, a quantitative method to disclose finer-grained latent attributes, was adopted in this study. The generalized deterministic inputs, noisy “and” gate (G-DINA) model, which takes attribute compensation and attribute interaction into consideration, was used to carry out cognitive diagnostic analysis. The listening comprehension subtest of Band 4 of Test for English Majors (TEM) which is a large scale English proficiency test for English Majors in China was used as the proficiency test for homogenizing the participants. Three genres in the subtest, dialog, lecture, and news, were investigated. The 2,285 subjects were sophomore English major college students and also test-takers of the same TEM4 examination. They were chosen by random sampling from the nationwide test population in China. The study analyzed three types of relationships between listening skills and genre competence. By analyzing how mastery of certain listening text genres goes with mastery of listening skills according to latent class distribution, the coexistence relationship was discovered. By comparing the average number of skills/genres mastered when the number of genres/skills mastered increases through One-Way ANOVA, compensatory and contributory relationships were revealed. The study also found that the subjects mastering Lecture genre got higher listening scores.

Can Winter Road De-Icing Affect Mortality of Organisms in Aquatic Ecosystems? An Experimental Approach

Road maintenance in winter using de-icing agents, which is widely used in Eastern Europe, is the cause of water salinization in neighbouring environments, which might lead to biodiversity loss in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we investigated NaCl toxicity to test young organisms: Daphnia magna and Poecilla reticulata (standard tests organisms). The salinity of NaCl was measured by electrolytic conductivity (EC). It was statistically demonstrated that the test solutions should be prepared using natural water. For D. magna the NOEC was 7.17 mS/cm and the LC50 9.76 mS/cm. Poecilla reticulata showed resistance to salinity up to a conductivity of 25.2 mS/cm, and no lethal effects were recorded for any individual in the test population. The study showed that winter salinities recorded in inland waters (without emergencies such as sudden influx of pollutants due to industrial accidents) are unlikely to affect fish but may be hazardous to small plankton. However, the high dare of D. magna may result in a reduction of planktivorous fish.

PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP PERILAKU 3M PENCEGAHAN COVID-19 PADA IBU PKK DI DESA RAMBAH HILIR TIMUR TAHUN 2021

Health education is a way of supporting health programs that can produce changes and increase knowledge in a short time. This 3M behavior is said to prevent the transmission of covid-19. This study aims to find out the influence of health education on the behavior of 3M prevention of covid-19 in pkk mothers in the East Rambah Hilir Village in 2021. The design of this research uses a type of design one group pre-test post-test,Population in this study is the mother of pkk in the village of rambah downstream east. Sampling techniques in this study using sampling techniques so as to get a sample of 28 people. The research instrument uses questionnaires and observation sheets consisting of 23 questions. The results of this study showed the influence of health education on the behavior of 3M prevention covid-19 p value 0.000 < 0.05. health education can be used as a way of providing behavior for the community and it is expected that public concern and better understanding of the application of 3M behavior to the prevention of covid-19

Ecological aspects of a population of Phrynops geoffroanus (Schweigger, 1812) in a semi-arid area of Northeastern Brazil

Phrynops geoffroanus is a testudine of the family Chelidae that has a wide distribution. However, there are gaps in the knowledge of its biology. This study aimed to characterize demographically and morphometrically a population of Phrynops geoffroanus in an ephemeral water reservoir in a semi-arid area of Paraíba, in the period from April 2016 to March 2017. The individuals were captured manually and by hoop-net trap. Data on size distribution were described by mean and standard deviation. Size and weight were compared between sexes and capture methods using a MANOVA. Sex ratio was compared between capture methods using Pearson's chi-squared test. Population density and biomass were calculated. The number of animals captured was grouped into two shifts and compared. Throughout the year, 113 individuals of P. geoffroanus were captured in the reservoir, with a population of 43.4% males, 47.8% females and 8.8% juveniles, with a density of at least 41.8 individuals / ha and biomass of 33.05kg / ha. There is no significant relationship between the amount of animals captured and the amount of rainfall during the period sampled. Due mainly to the ephemerality of the aquatic environments of the Caatinga and the unpredictability of rainfall in this biome, the populations of aquatic species show large variations in population and in their biological activities. Further studies are needed to fill several gaps in the knowledge of the natural history of Caatinga testudines.

3D Printed frames to enable reuse and improve the fit of N95 and KN95 respirators

Background In response to supply shortages caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs or “masks”), which are typically single-use devices in healthcare settings, are routinely being used for prolonged periods and in some cases decontaminated under “reuse” and “extended use” policies. However, the reusability of N95 masks is limited by degradation of fit. Possible substitutes, such as KN95 masks meeting Chinese standards, frequently fail fit testing even when new. The purpose of this study was to develop an inexpensive frame for damaged and poorly fitting masks using readily available materials and 3D printing. Results An iterative design process yielded a mask frame consisting of two 3D printed side pieces, malleable wire links that users press against their face, and cut lengths of elastic material that go around the head to hold the frame and mask in place. Volunteers (n = 45; average BMI = 25.4), underwent qualitative fit testing with and without mask frames wearing one or more of four different brands of FFRs conforming to US N95 or Chinese KN95 standards. Masks passed qualitative fit testing in the absence of a frame at rates varying from 48 to 94 % (depending on mask model). For individuals who underwent testing using respirators with broken or defective straps, 80–100 % (average 85 %) passed fit testing with mask frames. Among individuals who failed fit testing with a KN95, ~ 50 % passed testing by using a frame. Conclusions Our study suggests that mask frames can prolong the lifespan of N95 and KN95 masks by serving as a substitute for broken or defective bands without adversely affecting fit. Use of frames made it possible for ~ 73 % of the test population to achieve a good fit based on qualitative and quantitative testing criteria, approaching the 85–90 % success rate observed for intact N95 masks. Frames therefore represent a simple and inexpensive way of expanding access to PPE and extending their useful life. For clinicians and institutions interested in mask frames, designs and specifications are provided without restriction for use or modification. To ensure adequate performance in clinical settings, fit testing with user-specific masks and PanFab frames is required.

EFEKTIVITAS SENAM OTAK TERHADAP KONSENTRASI BELAJAR PADA SISWA KELAS V DI YAYASAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM ISTIQOMAH MEDAN TAHUN 2020

Brain exercise is a series of simple movements that help optimize the function of all kinds of centers in the human brain. The brain exercise method focuses on the use of movemment activities to draw out all one’s potential so that it is expected to facilitate blood flow and stretch nerves due to fatigue and stress of learning. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of brain exercise on learning concentration in grade V students at the Istiqomah Medan Islamic Education Foundation. This study used a quasi experimental research design with one group pretest-posttest designs. Analysis of data using the wilcoxon test. Population of 42 students, the sampling technique used a total population of 42 students. The results of data processing using the wilcoxon test obtained a p value of 0,000 < 0,05 then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. The conclusion is that there is the effectiveness of brain exercise on learning concentration in grade V students at the Istiqomah Medan Islamic Education Foundation. The suggestion from the reseacher is to recommend the teacher to intruct students to do brain exercises to increase learning concentration.

Open versus closed reduction and K-wire fixation for supracondylar fracture of the humerus (Gartland type 3) in children

Background: The purpose of the study was to compare the presentation and postoperative resultsof children treated by open reduction and closed reduction for completely displaced Gartland type IIIsupracondylar humerus fractures (SCFs). Method: Supracondylar fracture of the humerus is acommon paediatric fracture seen in our OPD. Among them Type III fractures are displaced with nocortical contact, and reduction is difficult, and maintaining reduction is almost impossible withoutsome form of internal fixation. Therefore during surgery of type 3 fractures, fixation is done by twomethods. 1 open reduction and fixation with 2 cross k-wire 2. closed reduction and fixation with 2cross k-wire fixation. Following pinning, the elbow was immobilized in an above elbow slab inpronation with the elbow at 75 degrees of flexion. Result: The average age of patients was 5 years(age range, 3 to 10 years). The test population consisted of 18female (36%) and 32 male (64%)patients. There were 31 fractures (62%) in the right elbow and 19 fractures (38%) in the left. Group1 patients stayed in the hospital for 5 days while Group 2 stayed for only 2 days in the hospital. Alsogroup 1 patient required follow-up at eight postoperative days (for check dressing) and 11postoperative days for stitch removal while group 2 patients were directly called for k-wire removalat 3 weeks postoperatively. Both groups of patients were called after three weeks for k-wireremoval. Mean clinical follow-up for both groups was 6 months. Conclusion: The closed reductiontechnique was preferred because it required less hospitalization time, less number followup, andresulted in almost no visible surgical scars.