In Chapter 3, the author begins with labour colonies for the ‘idle poor’ in Europe (Holland, France, Britain, and Germany). In each case the volume analyses the colonies themselves and the population targeted but also the colonialism used to justify their existence. To this end, the writings of Jan van den Bosch of Holland, Alexis de Tocqueville, and Gustave de Beaumont of France; William Booth and Beatrice Webb of Britain; and Max Weber and Max Sering of Germany are examined as they weave together, in each case, domestic colonialism with various other schools of thought (Protestant Christianity, republicanism, paternalism, liberalism, socialism, and nationalism, respectively) to justify particular kinds of colonies for specific kinds of populations in each country.