scholarly journals The effect of different atmosphere absolute hyperbaric oxygen on the expression of extracellular histones after traumatic brain injury in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1024
Author(s):  
Fang Liang ◽  
Lei Sun ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Xue-Hua Liu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Secondary Brain Injury ◽  
Injury Group ◽  
Extracellular Histones ◽  
The One ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury Group

Abstract By observing the dynamic changes of extracellular histones H1, H2A, H4, and NF-κB expression in brain tissues after brain injury in rats, we explore the association among the expression of extracellular histones H1, H2A, H4, and NF-κB following traumatic brain injury (TBI), as well as the effect of different atmospheres absolute hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) intervention on the expression and possible mechanisms. A total of 120 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Sham-operated (SH), TBI (traumatic brain injury) group, traumatic brain injury and hyperbaric oxygen treatment 1.6ATA (TBI + HBO1) group, and traumatic brain injury and hyperbaric oxygen treatment2.2ATA (TBI + HBO2) group, with 30 rats in each group. The rats in each group were then randomly divided into five smaller time-specific sub-groups: 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after surgery. TBI models were established, and the brain tissue around the lesion was taken at different time points. On the one hand,we detected the level of local histones H1, H2A, H4, and NF-κB by RT-PCR and Western Blot. On the other hand, we used immunohistochemical methods to detect the expression of NF-κB, while using the TUNEL method to observe the cell apoptosis in experimental groups after brain injury. Extracellular histones H1, H2A, H4, and NF-κB proteins were highly expressed at 3 h, then with a slight fluctuation, reached to peak at 48 h after the injury. HBO can affect the expression of histones H1, H2A, H4, and NF-κB. The decline of each indicator in the 1.6ATA group was significantly lower than that in the 2.2ATA group, especially within 6 h (P < 0. 05). In addition, NF-κB expression was consistent with the pathological changes of apoptosis in experimental groups. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy with relatively low pressure (1.6ATA) at the early stage can significantly inhibit the expression of extracellular histones H1, H2A, H4, and NF-κB around the lesion, reduce the apoptosis of nerve cells, and thus play an important role in alleviating secondary brain injury.

scholarly journals Performance Monitoring in Children Following Traumatic Brain Injury Compared to Typically Developing Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 2329048X1773271
Author(s):  
Amy A. Wilkinson ◽  
Maureen Dennis ◽  
Margot J. Taylor ◽  
Anne-Marie Guerguerian ◽  
Kathy Boutis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Injury Group ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury Group

Children with traumatic brain injury are reported to have deficits in performance monitoring, but the mechanisms underlying these deficits are not well understood. Four performance monitoring hypotheses were explored by comparing how 28 children with traumatic brain injury and 28 typically developing controls (matched by age and sex) performed on the stop-signal task. Control children slowed significantly more following incorrect than correct stop-signal trials, fitting the error monitoring hypothesis. In contrast, the traumatic brain injury group showed no performance monitoring difference with trial types, but significant group differences did not emerge, suggesting that children with traumatic brain injury may not perform the same way as controls.

Preliminary Standardization of the Cognitive Estimation Test

Assessment ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley N. Axelrod ◽  
Scott R. Millis
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Estimation ◽  
Injury Group ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cognitive Estimation Test ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury Group ◽  
Medical Outpatients

A modification of the Cognitive Estimation Test (CET) by Shallice and Evans was developed to assist in the scoring and interpretation of this measure of problem solving. Two studies were presented. In Study 1, the modified CET that required numeric responses was administered to 164 employed adults. Deviation scores were derived from percentiles from mean performance of this sample. Total deviation scores were highest for the least educated group. Study 2 found CET deviation scores to be significantly higher for a severe traumatic brain injury group relative to a sample of medical outpatients. The normative and clinical data presented are meant to serve as a starting point for further validation of this new measure.

scholarly journals Traumatic brain injury metabolome and mitochondrial impact after early stage Ru360 treatment

Mitochondrion ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 192-204
Author(s):  
Jyothsna Chitturi ◽  
Vijayalakshmi Santhakumar ◽  
Sridhar S. Kannurpatti
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Early Stage

Optimising the management of severe Traumatic Brain Injury in the military maritime environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-300
Author(s):  
IA Edgar ◽  
G Hadjipavlou ◽  
JE Smith
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Secondary Brain Injury ◽  
Eye Protection ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
The Military ◽  
Primary Injury ◽  
Maritime Environment

AbstractSevere Traumatic Brain Injury (sTBI) is a devastating cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among those aged less than 45 years. Advances in clinical practice continue to focus on preventing primary injury through developing ballistic head and eye protection, and through minimising secondary brain injury (secondary prevention).Managing sTBI is challenging in well-developed, well-resourced healthcare systems. Achieving management aims in the military maritime environment poses even greater challenges.Strategies for the management of sTBI in the maritime environment should be in keeping with current best evidence. Provision of specialist interventions for sTBI in military maritime environments may require alternative approaches matched to the skills of the staff and environmental restrictions.

scholarly journals 217 The end-tidal and arterial carbon dioxide gradient in serious traumatic brain injury after pre-hospital emergency anaesthesia: a retrospective observational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 847.1-847
Author(s):  
James Price ◽  
Daniel Sandbach ◽  
Ari Ercole ◽  
Alastair Wilson ◽  
Ed Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Thoracic Injury ◽  
Secondary Brain Injury ◽  
Hospital Emergency ◽  
Hospital Arrival ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Emergency Anaesthesia

Aims/Objectives/BackgroundIn the United Kingdom (UK), 20% of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) receive pre-hospital emergency anaesthesia (PHEA). Current guidance recommends an end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) of 4.0–4.5kPa to achieve a low-normal arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2), and reduce secondary brain injury. This recommendation assumes a 0.5kPa ETCO2-PaCO2 gradient. However, the gradient in the acute phase of TBI is unknown. Our primary aim was to report the ETCO2-PaCO2 gradient of TBI patients at hospital arrival.Methods/DesignA retrospective cohort study of adult patients with serious TBI, who received a PHEA by a pre-hospital critical care team in the East of England between 1st April 2015 to 31st December 2017. Linear regression was performed to test for correlation and reported as R-squared (R2). A Bland-Altman plot was used to test for paired ETCO2 and PaCO2 agreement and reported with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). ETCO2-PaCO2 gradient data were compared with a two-tailed, unpaired, t-test.Results/Conclusions107 patients were eligible for inclusion. Sixty-seven patients did not receive a PaCO2 sample within 30 minutes of hospital arrival and were therefore excluded. Forty patients had complete data and were included in the final analysis; per protocol.The mean ETCO2-PaCO2 gradient was 1.7 (±1.0) kPa, with only moderate correlation of ETCO2 and PaCO2 at hospital arrival (R2=0.23, p=0.002). The Bland-Altman bias was 1.7 (95%CI 1.4–2.0) kPa with upper and lower limits of agreement of 3.6 (95%CI 3.0–4.1) kPa and -0.2 (95%CI -0.8–0.3) kPa respectively. There was no significant gradient correlation in patients with a co-existing serious thoracic injury (R2=0.13, p=0.10), and this cohort had a larger ETCO2-PaCO2 gradient, 2.0 (±1.1) kPa, p=0.01. Patients who underwent pre-hospital arterial blood sampling had an arrival PaCO2 of 4.7 (±0.2) kPa.Lower ETCO2 targets than previously recommended may be safe and appropriate. The use of pre-hospital PaCO2 measurement is advocated.

Novel Synthetic and Natural Therapies for Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Battaglini ◽  
Dorota Siwicka-Gieroba ◽  
Patricia RM Rocco ◽  
Fernanda Ferreira Cruz ◽  
Pedro Leme Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Secondary Brain Injury ◽  
Specific Recommendation ◽  
Novel Therapies ◽  
Secondary Brain Damage ◽  
Late Treatment

: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability and death worldwide. The initial mechanical insult results in tissue and vascular disruption with hemorrhages and cellular necrosis that is followed by a dynamic secondary brain damage that presumably results in additional destruction of the brain. In order to minimize deleterious consequences of the secondary brain damage-such as inflammation, bleeding or reduced oxygen supply. The old concept of the -staircase approach- has been updated in recent years by most guidelines and should be followed as it is considered the only validated approach for the treatment of TBI. Besides, a variety of novel therapies have been proposed as neuroprotectants. The molecular mechanisms of each drug involved in inhibition of secondary brain injury can result as potential target for the early and late treatment of TBI. However, no specific recommendation is available on their use in clinical setting. The administration of both synthetic and natural compounds, which act on specific pathways involved in the destructive processes after TBI, even if usually employed for the treatment of other diseases, can show potential benefits. This review represents a massive effort towards current and novel therapies for TBI that have been investigated in both pre-clinical and clinical settings. This review aims to summarize the advancement in therapeutic strategies basing on specific and distinct -target of therapies-: brain edema, ICP control, neuronal activity and plasticity, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, cerebral autoregulation, antioxidant properties, and future perspectives with the adoption of mesenchymal stromal cells.

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