Evaluation of Genetic Variation Among Wild Populations and Local Varieties of Rice

Extra-floral nectaries (EFNs) are thought to represent protective adaptations against herbivory, but studies on the evolutionary ecology of EFNs have seldom been conducted. Here we investigate the patterns of natural selection and genetic variation in EFN traits in two wild populations of Anemopaegma album Mart. ex DC. (Bignoniaceae) that have been previously described as contrasting EFN – ant adapted localities in the Neotropical savanna (Cristália and Grão Mogol). In each population, four EFN descriptors, foliar damage, and reproductive success variables were measured per plant (100–120 plants per population). To estimate the heritability of EFN traits, we crossed reproductive plants in the field, and grew offspring plants in a common garden. The results showed that ant assemblages differed between populations, as did the range of foliar herbivory. Genetic variation and positive phenotypic selection in EFN abundance were only detected in the Cristália population, in which plants with more EFNs were more likely to reproduce. An evaluation of putative causal links conducted by path analysis corroborated the existence of phenotypic selection on EFNs, which was mediated by the herbivory process in the Cristália population. While EFNs could be currently under selection in Cristália, it is possible that past selection may have driven EFN traits to become locally adapted to the local ant assemblage in the Grão Mogol population.

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Genetic variation in native and farmed populations of Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) in the Brazilian Amazon: regional discrepancies in farming systems

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/0001-376520130007 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 85 (4) ◽

pp. 1439-1447 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jonas Aguiar ◽

Horacio Schneider ◽

Fatima Gomes ◽

Jeferson Carneiro ◽

Simoni Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Amazon Basin ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Wild Populations ◽

The West ◽

Colossoma Macropomum ◽

Breeding Stock ◽

History Of

The tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, is the most popular fish species used for aquaculture in Brazil but there is no study comparing genetic variation among native and farmed populations of this species. In the present study, we analyzed DNA sequences of the mitochondrial DNA to evaluate the genetic diversity among two wild populations, a fry-producing breeding stock, and a sample of fish farm stocks, all from the region of Santarém, in the west of the Brazilian state of Pará. Similar levels of genetic diversity were found in all the samples and surprisingly the breeding stock showed expressive representation of the genetic diversity registered on wild populations. These results contrast considerably with those of the previous study of farmed stocks in the states of Amapá, Pará, Piauí, and Rondônia, which recorded only two haplotypes, indicating a long history of endogamy in the breeding stocks used to produce fry. The results of the two studies show two distinct scenarios of tambaqui farming in the Amazon basin, which must be better evaluated in order to guarantee the successful expansion of this activity in the region, and the rest of Brazil, given that the tambaqui and its hybrids are now farmed throughout the country.

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Mhc polymorphisms fail to explain the heritability of phytohaemagglutinin-induced skin swelling in a wild passerine

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2009.0435 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 784-787 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Camille Bonneaud ◽

Janet S. Sinsheimer ◽

Murielle Richard ◽

Olivier Chastel ◽

Gabriele Sorci

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Environmental Effects ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Wild Populations ◽

Genetic Determinants ◽

House Sparrows ◽

Additive Genetic Variation ◽

Significant Heritability ◽

Mhc Polymorphisms

Genetic estimates of the variability of immune responses are rarely examined in natural populations because of confounding environmental effects. As a result, and because of the difficulty of pinpointing the genetic determinants of immunity, no study has to our knowledge examined the contribution of specific genes to the heritability of an immune response in wild populations. We cross-fostered nestling house sparrows to disrupt the association between genetic and environmental effects and determine the heritability of the response to a classic immunological test, the phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced skin swelling. We detected significant heritability estimates of the response to PHA, of body mass and tarsus length when nestlings were 5 and 10 days old. Variation at Mhc genes, however, did not explain a significant portion of the genetic variation of nestling swelling to PHA. Our results suggest that while PHA-induced swelling is influenced by the nest of origin, the importance of additive genetic variation relative to non-additive genetic variation and the genetic factors that influence the former in wild populations still need to be identified for this trait.

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AFLP analysis of genetic variation in wild populations of five Rhododendron species in Qinling Mountain in China

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology ◽

10.1016/j.bse.2012.07.033 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 198-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Bing Zhao ◽

Zhen-fang Yin ◽

Man Xu ◽

Qiao-chun Wang

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Aflp Analysis ◽

Wild Populations ◽

Qinling Mountain

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Demography versus habitat fragmentation as determinants of genetic variation in wild populations

Biological Conservation ◽

10.1016/s0006-3207(00)00203-2 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 100 (1) ◽

pp. 15-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

James P. Gibbs

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Habitat Fragmentation ◽

Wild Populations

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Genetic diversity in wild and hatchery populations of stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis Bloch) revealed by RAPD analysis

Journal of Bio-Science ◽

10.3329/jbs.v19i0.13005 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 81-87

Author(s):

Md Nazrul Islam ◽

Abhishak Basak ◽

Dr Ashrafullah ◽

Md Samsul Alam

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Length Polymorphism ◽

Fragment Length ◽

Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Heteropneustes Fossilis ◽

Wild Populations ◽

Polymorphic Loci

Context: DNA fingerprinting using genetic markers such as Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), microsatellite (Simple sequence repeat), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) etc. can be successfully used to reveal genetic variation within and among different populations. Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess genetic diversity in two wild and one hatchery populations of stinging catfish Heteropneustes fossilis by RAPD fingerprinting. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 live fish (H. fossilis), 30 from each source, were collected from a beel in Patuakhali, a beel in Jessore and Rupali Hatchery, Mymensingh. Genomic DNA was extracted from fin tissues. The concentration of DNA was estimated using a spectrophotometer. Fifteen decamer primers of random sequence from three kits (six from kit A, seven from kit B and two from kit C) (Operon technologies, Inc., Alameda, CA, USA) were screened on sub-samples of one randomly chosen H. fossilis DNA sample from the each population to test their suitability for amplifying RAPDs. The amplified products from each sample were separated by electrophoresis on 1.4% agarose gel containing ethidium bromide. The sizes of the bands were calculated using the software DNAFRAG and the sizes in base pair (bp) were used for identification of the bands (RAPD markers). The similarity index values (SI) between the RAPD fingerprint of any two individuals on the same gel were calculated from RAPD band sharing. Results: A total of 28 RAPD bands were obtained using four decamer random primers, among which 21 bands were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic loci, intra-population similarity indices and Nei's gene diversity values were 85.71%, 78.75 and 0.304±0.183 for Jessore population, 83.71%, 82.62 and 0.280±0.159 for Patuakhali population, 82.14%, 85.25 and 0.271±0.165 for Rupali hatchery population, respectively. The overall gene flow (Nm) among the populations was 5.755. The highest inter-similarity (Sij) was found between Patuakhali - Rupali hatchery populations. Among the three populations, the highest genetic distance (0.069) was found between Jessore and Patuakhali population. Considering polymorphic loci, intrapopulation similarity index and gene diversity the genetic variation in the Jessore population was higher than the other two populations. The genetic variation of the hatchery population was found to be lower than the two wild populations. Conclusion: The result of the present study can be used as baseline information regarding the genetic variation and population structure before undertaking any breeding programme. Study indicated that the genetic variation in the hatchery populations were slightly lower than those of the wild populations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v19i0.13005 J. bio-sci. 19 81-87, 2011

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Evaluation of Somaclonal and Ethyl Methane Sulfonate-Induced Genetic Variation of Mexican Oregano (Lippia graveolens H.B.K.)

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9040166 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 166 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luis Muñoz-Miranda ◽

Araceli Rodríguez-Sahagún ◽

Gustavo Acevedo Hernández ◽

Victor Cruz-Martínez ◽

Martha Torres-Morán ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Axillary Buds ◽

Ethyl Methane Sulfonate ◽

Wild Populations ◽

Aromatic Plant ◽

Methane Sulfonate ◽

Ethyl Methane ◽

Medicinal Value ◽

Micro Propagation ◽

Three Stages

Lippia graveolens, commonly known as Mexican oregano, is an aromatic plant of great industrial, nutritional, and medicinal value, principally for its essential oils. Regeneration via axillary buds was established in MS medium supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (BA) (0.5 mgL−1) as a growth regulator. Three genotypes and three stages of cultivation were considered in the study. On average, 3.5, 4.2, and 6.4 shoots induced per explant were obtained for genotypes B, C, and D, respectively. Several doses (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5%) of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) and different exposure times (1, 2, and 3 h) were applied to investigate the effect of the chemical mutagen on the formation of axillary buds. Genetic variation among the collected plants, the micro-propagated plants during three sub-cultivations, and the plants regenerated in the presence of the mutagen was evaluated by means of randomly amplified microsatellite polymorphism (RAMP) markers. A high genetic stability was observed in the micro-propagation of Mexican oregano for the three genotypes and three sub-cultivations, presenting 100% of monomorphic bands. The genetic variation observed in the different collections of wild populations (A, R, and V) and after treatment with EMS regarded 34 and 35% of polymorphic loci, respectively.

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Analysis of Genetic Variability in Farmed and Wild Populations of Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes Procyonoides) Using Microsatellite Sequences

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.1515/aoas-2015-0048 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 889-901 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Kornel Kasperek ◽

Beata Horecka ◽

Andrzej Jakubczak ◽

Brygida Ślaska ◽

Magdalena Gryzińska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Microsatellite Loci ◽

Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Raccoon Dog ◽

Wild Populations ◽

Kaliningrad Region ◽

Raccoon Dogs

Abstract The aim of this study was to detect possible differences between farmed and wild-living raccoon dogs. Analysis of polymorphism in 15 microsatellite sequences led to the conclusion that raccoon dogs raised on Polish farms and wild raccoon dogs living in Poland are two genetically distinct groups of animals. Wild Polish raccoon dogs are genetically more similar to the population of wild animals from the Kaliningrad Region than to farmed animals. The analysis of microsatellite loci showed clear genetic differences between farmed and wild-living populations of raccoon dog, despite only 50 years of isolation of the two groups of animals. The farmed population was characterized by higher genetic variation than the wild-living population. On the basis of the analyses three microsatellite loci (INU014, Ren13J22 and Ren41D20) were proposed for determination of the origin of animals that have escaped from farms.

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