Arsenical copper and bronze metallurgy during Late Bronze Age of north-eastern Iran: evidences from Shahrak-e Firouzeh archaeological site

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Oudbashi ◽  
Mathias Mehofer ◽  
Hassan Basafa ◽  
Javad Tayyari ◽  
Sepehr Bahadori
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Eastern Iran ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Arsenical Copper

scholarly journals Volcanic ash, victims, and tsunami debris from the Late Bronze Age Thera eruption discovered at Çeşme-Bağlararası (Turkey)

2021 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. e2114213118
Author(s):  
Vasıf Şahoğlu ◽  
Johannes H. Sterba ◽  
Timor Katz ◽  
Ümit Çayır ◽  
Ümit Gündoğan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Tsunami Deposit ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Mediterranean Studies ◽  
Ash Layer ◽  
Time Capsule ◽  
Thera Eruption

The Late Bronze Age Thera eruption was one of the largest natural disasters witnessed in human history. Its impact, consequences, and timing have dominated the discourse of ancient Mediterranean studies for nearly a century. Despite the eruption’s high intensity (Volcanic Explosivity Index 7; Dense Rock Equivalent of 78 to 86 km) [T. H. Druitt, F. W. McCoy, G. E. Vougioukalakis, Elements 15, 185–190 (2019)] and tsunami-generating capabilities [K. Minoura et al., Geology 28, 59–62 (2000)], few tsunami deposits are reported. In contrast, descriptions of pumice, ash, and tephra deposits are widely published. This mismatch may be an artifact of interpretive capabilities, given how rapidly tsunami sedimentology has advanced in recent years. A well-preserved volcanic ash layer and chaotic destruction horizon were identified in stratified deposits at Çeşme-Bağlararası, a western Anatolian/Aegean coastal archaeological site. To interpret these deposits, archaeological and sedimentological analysis (X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy instrumental neutron activation analysis, granulometry, micropaleontology, and radiocarbon dating) were performed. According to the results, the archaeological site was hit by a series of strong tsunamis that caused damage and erosion, leaving behind a thick layer of debris, distinguishable by its physical, biological, and chemical signature. An articulated human and dog skeleton discovered within the tsunami debris are in situ victims related to the Late Bronze Age Thera eruption event. Calibrated radiocarbon ages from well-constrained, short-lived organics from within the tsunami deposit constrain the event to no earlier than 1612 BCE. The deposit provides a time capsule that demonstrates the nature, enormity, and expansive geographic extent of this catastrophic event.

Prehistoric Settlement at Virje–Volarski Breg/Sušine

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-145
Author(s):  
Marko Dizdar ◽  
Daria Ložnjak Dizdar
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Alpine Region ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Agricultural Communities ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
La Tène ◽  
Danube Region ◽  
La Tene ◽  
Rural Character ◽  
The One

Several years of excavations at the site of Virje–Volarski Breg/Sušine uncovered the remains of a settlement from the Late Bronze and Late Iron Ages. The finds of a bronze pin and potsherds from the Late Bronze Age enabled the dating of the settlement to the early and late phases of the Urnfield culture, with the settlement at Volarski Breg being older than the one at Sušine. The excavations revealed parts of La Tène settlement infrastructure, which indicated that it was a prominent lowland settlement from the Middle and Late La Tène. They included the exceptional discovery of a pit with the remains of a loom. Both for the organization of the La Tène culture settlement and for its pottery finds, there are parallels in the known settlements from the middle Drava valley and the neighbouring areas of north-eastern Slovenia and south-western Hungary. These settlements are considered to have a rural character and to be the result of the life needs of small agricultural communities integrated in the landscape. The explored parts of the infrastructure of these settlements show that they were organized around single households. The intensive habitation of the middle Drava valley in the Late Bronze and Late Iron Ages is not at all surprising, since the area was crossed by an important communication route between the south-eastern Alpine region and the Danube region.

scholarly journals Intestinal parasites at the Late Bronze Age settlement of Must Farm, in the fens of East Anglia, UK (9th century B.C.E.)

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (12) ◽  
pp. 1583-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa L. Ledger ◽  
Elisabeth Grimshaw ◽  
Madison Fairey ◽  
Helen L. Whelton ◽  
Ian D. Bull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
Raw Fish ◽  
Diphyllobothrium Latum

AbstractLittle is known about the types of intestinal parasites that infected people living in prehistoric Britain. The Late Bronze Age archaeological site of Must Farm was a pile-dwelling settlement located in a wetland, consisting of stilted timber structures constructed over a slow-moving freshwater channel. At excavation, sediment samples were collected from occupation deposits around the timber structures. Fifteen coprolites were also hand-recovered from the occupation deposits; four were identified as human and seven as canine, using fecal lipid biomarkers. Digital light microscopy was used to identify preserved helminth eggs in the sediment and coprolites. Eggs of fish tapeworm (Diphyllobothrium latum and Diphyllobothrium dendriticum), Echinostoma sp., giant kidney worm (Dioctophyma renale), probable pig whipworm (Trichuris suis) and Capillaria sp. were found. This is the earliest evidence for fish tapeworm, Echinostoma worm, Capillaria worm and the giant kidney worm so far identified in Britain. It appears that the wetland environment of the settlement contributed to establishing parasite diversity and put the inhabitants at risk of infection by helminth species spread by eating raw fish, frogs or molluscs that flourish in freshwater aquatic environments, conversely the wetland may also have protected them from infection by certain geohelminths.

scholarly journals Castro de Nossa Senhora das Necessidades (Sernancelhe): uma primeira análise artefactual

2020 ◽  
pp. 1127-1139
Author(s):  
Telma Susana O. Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Metallic Artefacts

The Nossa Senhora das Necessidades settlement is to date the only archaeological site in the county of Sernancelhe (Viseu district) to be discussed in the archaeological literature. Referred to as a settlement from the Late Bronze Age, the site has been continually destroyed and has only superficial findings that have never been studied so that we know all of its occupations. This first study, made through ceramic, lithic and metallic artefacts that result from prospections at the hill, aims to reveal the other chronologies of this site, seeking to contribute to the comprehension of the material culture and settlement network of the Beira Alta region in some of its prehistoric and medieval times.

scholarly journals São Julião da Branca (Albergaria-a-Velha) - Investigação e valorização de um povoado do Bronze Final

2020 ◽  
pp. 1065-1081
Author(s):  
António Manuel S. P. Silva ◽  
Paulo A. P. Lemos ◽  
Sara Almeida e Silva ◽  
Edite Martins de Sá
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Stone Wall ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Coastal Platform

The archaeological site of São Julião is a Late Bronze Age settlement, located on the coastal platform between Douro and Vouga rivers, which has been the subject of systematic research projects since 2014. Its most striking structures are the stone wall that delimited the enclosure and a megalithic mound, violated or reused in modern or contemporary times. The archaeological collection includes a significant set of ceramics, objects in stone and metals, with emphasis on a pair of gold earrings, perhaps related to the evidence of metallurgy that is observed in the place. Currently, a site’s archeological conservation and enhancement program is underway, with the support of the Municipality.

On the Chemical composition of prehistoric Greek copper-based artefacts from Crete

1998 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Mangou ◽  
Panayiotis V. Ioannou
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Equal Frequency ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Arsenical Copper ◽  
The Bronze Age

110 copper-based objects from various sites on Crete, covering the whole of the Bronze Age, were analysed for their chemical content (12 elements) by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The results indicate that during the Early Bronze Age arsenical copper was mainly used while in the Middle Bronze Age copper, arsenical copper, and arsenical bronze were in use with about equal frequency. During the Late Bronze Age normal bronze was used when required. The copper technology in each era was the same at all of the sites examined. Metallographic examination of four triangular daggers of the Early Bronze Age showed that they had been cast. In the case of three Late Bronze Age hydriae, the component sheets had been hammered and annealed.

scholarly journals Traditions in Transition: Some Thoughts on Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Burial Costumes from the Northern Caucasus

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Reinhold
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
North Eastern

Ornaments, jewellery, personal equipment and weapons in graves can be defined as relicts of ancient costumes and weapon assemblages which are connected to the social identities of the buried persons. At several late Bronze Age and early Iron Age sites in the north Caucasus (Koban culture) large numbers of richly furnished graves allow the reconstruction of specific costume and armour groups. These can be related to factors which structured these communities into a ranked society. This article is based on the investigation of two cemeteries in Chechenia (north-eastern Caucasus) which demonstrate the change in social differentiation during the developed Iron Age. The article also includes a general discussion about the concepts of costumes and their potential for reconstructing social identities.

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