Artificial Shading Can Adversely Affect Heat-tolerant Lettuce Growth and Taste, with Concomitant Changes in Gene Expression

Shading has been used to produce high-quality lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in locations where production conditions are not optimal for this cool-season crop. To learn what additional benefits shading provides if heat-tolerant cultivars are used and to understand the effects of shading on growth, sensory quality, chemical content, and transcriptome profile on heat-tolerant lettuce, we grew two romaine lettuce cultivars with and without shading using 50% black shadecloth in 2018 and 2019. Shading reduced plant leaf temperatures, lettuce head fresh weights, glucose and total sugars content, and sweetness, but not bitterness, whereas it increased lettuce chlorophyll b content compared with unshaded controls. Transcriptome analyses identified genes predominantly involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism as upregulated in unshaded controls compared with shaded treatments. For the tested cultivars, which were bred to withstand high growing temperatures, it may be preferable to grow them under unshaded conditions to avoid increased infrastructure costs and obtain lettuce deemed sweeter than if shaded.

Skrining Inhibitor NF-κB Combretum indicum dengan Metode Docking

Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes important for innate and adaptive immune responses. NF-κB overactivation is associated with inflammatory diseases such as autoimmune, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aims to screen the chemical content of C.indicum against NF-κB-inducing kinase inhibitors. There are two methods used in this study, namely through PASSonline and docking. The docking method used was PLANTS. The results of PASSonline compounds that have P.a values above 0.7 weree arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, rutin, methyl urasolate, while the docking scores obtained were asquisqualic acid: -60.0382; arachidonic acid : -100,9410; linoleic acid: -93.8730; routine : -102,9320; methyl urasolate: -47,9166. This negative docking score indicates that the reaction between the compound and the target occurs easily. In conclusion, the compound predicted to have a potential as an inhibitor of NF-κB is Rutin.

Technology Elaboration of the Semi-finished Dough Product “Amygdalaceous” for Cheesecakes

Topicality. In this paper common nutritional status disorders of the present are analysed. Additionally, it is determined that one of the leading places among them is given to the zinc deficiency. The probable causes of zinc deficiency are offered, and the works of scientists dealing with this problem are analysed. It is defined that the development of zinc enriched technologies in desserts production for restaurant industry establishments, as well as semi-finished products for their yielding, is of urgent importance. Aim and methods. The aim of this study is to substantiate and elaborate the technology of the semi-finished dough product “Amygdalaceous” for cheesecakes, which should be characterized by a raised zinc content. To achieve the set aim, empirical, organoleptic, mathematical, statistical and computational research methods are used. Results. Recipes of the semi-finished dough product model compositions are substantiated and created, their physico-chemical parameters and organoleptic characteristics are studied. The technology of the semi-finished dough product “Amygdalaceous” for cheesecakes is elaborated, the technological scheme of its production is offered. The chemical content and energy value of the elaborated semi-finished product are analysed, as well as its integral score is calculated. Conclusions and discussion. It is determined that the model composition is characterised by the best indicators, which provides adding in the recipe the almond flour in amount 14.5 % mass. It is revealed that the elaborated product is characterised by the raised content of proteins, fats, zinc, potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, and the decreased content of carbohydrates. It is proved that the consumption of the elaborated semi-finished product can provide the daily requirement for zinc by 31,87 %, which corresponds to the mentioned above aim of the study. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the development of technologies elaboration principles for meals, culinary and semi-finished products with a raised zinc content. The practical significance of the obtained results can be seen in the expansion of semi-finished products and desserts assortment for restaurant industry establishments, and in assistance of the Ukrainian nation enhancement.

Simplicia Characterization And Phytochemical Screening Of Secondary Metabolite Compounds Ethanol Extract Of Trembesi Leaves (Samanea saman)

Trembesi plant (Samanea saman) is a plant that has the potential as traditional medicine. People in using medicinal plants often do not know the chemical content of these plants, so that in determining the amount of dosage, people only rely on experience and estimates. Research on the characterization of trembesi leaf simplicia has never been done. Research on the characterization of trembesi leaf simplicia has never been done. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of trembesi leaf simplicia including specific and non-specific characteristics. The research is carried out in the form of experiments in the laboratory. The sample used is trembesi leaves. The research stages started from discovery, making simplicia, extraction, specific and non-specific characteristics. In the phytochemical test, ethanol extract of trembesi leaves was used. Data analysis used is descriptive method. Specific results showed trembesi leaf simplicia has a coarse powder form, distinctive odor, tasteless, green in color, and on microscopic results of trembesi leaf simplicia powder there is starch, fragments in the form of epidermis, water soluble extract content 11.93%, ethanol soluble essence 18, 93% and contains flavonoids, tannins, steroids and saponins. The results of non-specific characteristics are 8.07% water content, 7.91% ash content and 0.29% acid insoluble ash content.

Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pare (Momordica charantia L.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923

Bitter gourd as a traditional medicine has a chemical content in its leaves that are useful as antimicrobials and as antioxidants. According to research by Tessa Undap, 2017 shows that bitter melon leaves have an inhibitory power against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of bitter melon leaf extract (Momordica charantia L.). The research method used in this study is the disc diffusion method. Data was collected by measuring the diameter of the clear zone formed in each treatment. The antibacterial results showed that the 9% extract concentration had the highest inhibitory power.Keywords: Antibacterial, Pare Leaf Extract, Granules, Staphylococcus aureus. AbstrakTanaman pare sebagai obat tradisional memiliki kandungan kimia dalam daunnya yang bermanfaat sebagai antimikroba dan sebagai antioksidan. Menurut penelitian oleh Tessa Undap, 2017 menunjukkan bahwa daun pare mempunyai daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dengan cara menghambat sintesis protein. Adanya kandungan flavonoid dalam daun pare dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus yang dapat mengkoagulasi protein pada sel bakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri yang terkandung dalam ekstrak daun pare (Momordica charantia L.). Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode difusi cakram disk. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara mengukur diameter zona bening yang terbentuk pada setiap perlakuan. Hasil antibakteri yaitu menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi ekstrak 9% mempunyai daya hambat paling tinggi.Kata kunci: Antibakteri, Ekstrak Daun Pare, Granul, Staphylococcus aureus.

Enhancing Cucurbita pepo Growth, Productivity, and Fruit Quality using Bacilli Strains and Cyanobacteria Treatments

Two successful field experiments were carried out during 2020and 2021 growing seasons to evaluate the effect of bio fertilizers; Bacillus amyloliquifaciens (BA), Bacillus megaterium (BM) and cyanobacteria inoculation on the vegetative growth, growth parameters and plant chemical content of Cucurbita pepo (Squash) crop. The study of mixed inoculation with both Bacillus strains, and cyanobacteria was found to improve vegetative growth, plant chemical contents and positive microbial activity in the soil Rhizosphere in comparison to un-inoculated plants. Soil available nutrients (N and K) increased significantly with BA and BM combined with cyanobacteria while available phosphorus gave most increase with BM.

Propolis and Its Implications in Dentistry: A Review

Propolis is a resinous substance obtained from the beehives that has antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activity. Its diverse chemical content is responsible for many valuable properties. Multiple applications of propolis have been studied and described in detail for centuries. Propolis has been used for surgical wound healing, caries prevention, treatment of dentin hypersensitivity, treatment of aphthous ulcers and propolis as a storage medium for avulsed teeth, root canal irrigating solution, and mouthwash. This paper aims to indicate the uses of Propolis in various fields of dentistry. Keywords: Dentistry, Propolis, Oral health.

Bioefficacy and durability of Olyset® Plus, a permethrin and piperonyl butoxide-treated insecticidal net in a 3-year long trial in Kenya

Background Long-lasting insecticide nets (LLINs) are a core malaria intervention. LLINs should retain efficacy against mosquito vectors for a minimum of three years. Efficacy and durability of Olyset® Plus, a permethrin and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) treated LLIN, was evaluated versus permethrin treated Olyset® Net. In the absence of WHO guidelines of how to evaluate PBO nets, and considering the manufacturer’s product claim, Olyset® Plus was evaluated as a pyrethroid LLIN. Methods This was a household randomized controlled trial in a malaria endemic rice cultivation zone of Kirinyaga County, Kenya between 2014 and 2017. Cone bioassays and tunnel tests were done against Anopheles gambiae Kisumu. The chemical content, fabric integrity and LLIN survivorship were monitored. Comparisons between nets were tested for significance using the Chi-square test. Exact binomial distribution with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was used for percentages. The WHO efficacy criteria used were ≥ 95% knockdown and/or ≥ 80% mortality rate in cone bioassays and ≥ 80% mortality and/or ≥ 90% blood-feeding inhibition in tunnel tests. Results At 36 months, Olyset® Plus lost 52% permethrin and 87% PBO content; Olyset® Net lost 24% permethrin. Over 80% of Olyset® Plus and Olyset® Net passed the WHO efficacy criteria for LLINs up to 18 and 12 months, respectively. At month 36, 91.2% Olyset® Plus and 86.4% Olyset® Net survived, while 72% and 63% developed at least one hole. The proportionate Hole Index (pHI) values representing nets in good, serviceable and torn condition were 49.6%, 27.1% and 23.2%, respectively for Olyset® Plus, and 44.9%, 32.8% and 22.2%, respectively for Olyset® Net but were not significantly different. Conclusions Olyset® Plus retained efficacy above or close to the WHO efficacy criteria for about 2 years than Olyset® Net (1–1.5 years). Both nets did not meet the 3-year WHO efficacy criteria, and showed little attrition, comparable physical durability and survivorship, with 50% of Olyset® Plus having good and serviceable condition after 3 years. Better community education on appropriate use and upkeep of LLINs is essential to ensure effectiveness of LLIN based malaria interventions. Graphical Abstract