scholarly journals Differential contribution of aortic and carotid sinus baroreflexes to control of heart rate and renal sympathetic nerve activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Ishii ◽  
Idesako Mitsuhiro ◽  
Kanji Matsukawa
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Differential Contribution ◽  
Renal Sympathetic

Cardiovascular and neurohormonal effects of intravenous adrenomedullin in conscious rabbits

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (5) ◽  
pp. R1289-R1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fukuhara ◽  
T. Tsuchihashi ◽  
I. Abe ◽  
M. Fujishima
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Conscious Rabbits ◽  
Renal Sympathetic

Adrenomedullin is a vasodilative peptide and shows slight homology with calcitonin gene-related peptide. In the present study, we investigated the effects of adrenomedullin on cardiovascular and neurohormonal responses in 13 conscious rabbits. The animals were chronically instrumented with bipolar electrodes on the left renal sympathetic nerve. Intravenous administration of human adrenomedullin (10, 100, 1,000, and 3,000 pmol/kg, n = 6) caused a dose-dependent reduction in mean arterial pressure (0 +/- 2, -1 +/- 2, -19 +/- 2, and -29 +/- 4 mmHg, respectively) concomitant with increases in heart rate, renal sympathetic nerve activity, plasma renin activity, and plasma norepinephrine. The significant reduction in mean arterial pressure induced by 1,000 pmol/kg of adrenomedullin occurred within 1 min after injection and lasted for 15 min (n = 7). In contrast, the significant increases in heart rate and renal sympathetic nerve activity lasted for more than 50 min. When mean arterial pressure was decreased by 15 mmHg by adrenomedullin, the increases in heart rate and renal sympathetic nerve activity were 53 +/- 8 beats/min and 78 +/- 13%, respectively, which were significantly smaller than those induced by intravenous injection of sodium nitroprusside (102 +/- 14 beats/min and 155 +/- 34%, respectively). These results suggest that intravenous adrenomedullin exerts a hypotensive action that is associated with the attenuated reflex-mediated sympathetic activation.

Baroreflex regulation of renal sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate in renal wrap hypertensive rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (4) ◽  
pp. R856-R862 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vitela ◽  
M. Herrera-Rosales ◽  
J. R. Haywood ◽  
S. W. Mifflin
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Sigmoid Function ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
The Right ◽  
Renal Sympathetic

Despite its usefulness as a nongenetic model of hypertension, little information is available regarding baroreflex function in the Grollman, renal wrap model of hypertension in the rat. Baroreflex regulation of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and heart rate (HR) were studied in male, Sprague-Dawley rats hypertensive (HT) for 1 or 4–6 wk after unilateral nephrectomy and figure-8 ligature around the remaining kidney or normotensive (NT) after sham surgery. Rats were anesthetized with Inactin and RSNA, and HR was recorded during intravenous infusions of sodium nitroprusside or phenylephrine to lower or raise mean arterial pressure (MAP). Response curves were analyzed using a logistic sigmoid function. In 1- and 4-wk HT rats the midpoints of RSNA and HR reflex curves were shifted to the right ( P < 0.05). Comparing NT to 1- or 4-wk HT rats, the gain of RSNA-MAP curves was no different; however, gain was reduced in the HR-MAP curves at both 1 and 4 wk in HT rats ( P < 0.05). In anesthetized rats the HR range was small; therefore, MAP and HR were measured in conscious rats during intravenous injections of three doses of phenylephrine and three doses of sodium nitroprusside. Linear regressions revealed a reduced slope in both 1- and 4-wk HT rats compared with NT rats ( P < 0.05). The results indicate that baroreflex curves are shifted to the right, to higher pressures, in hypertension. After 1–4 wk of hypertension the gain of baroreflex regulation of RSNA is not altered; however, the gain of HR regulation is reduced.

Hemodynamic and sympathetic effects of spinal administration of neuropeptide Y in rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (6) ◽  
pp. H1674-H1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. L. Chen ◽  
M. M. Knuepfer ◽  
T. C. Westfall
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Intrathecal Administration ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Renal Sympathetic

Intrathecal administration of 4 nmol/kg neuropeptide Y in Dial-urethane-anesthetized rats elicited decreases in arterial pressure, renal sympathetic nerve activity, and a slight decrease in heart rate. The depressor response was associated with a sustained hindquarters and mesenteric vasodilation resulting in a decrease in total peripheral resistance. Intrathecal NPY also resulted in a decrease in renal sympathetic nerve activity. There was a positive correlation between the percent changes in arterial pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity. With the use of renal nerve activity and heart rate as indexes, NPY resulted in a decrease in baroreflex sensitivity. The depressor effect of intrathecal NPY did not appear to be due to spinal vasoconstriction and ischemia, since spinal microvascular resistance was decreased slightly. We conclude that the intrathecal administration of NPY produces an inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity, resulting in a decrease in total peripheral resistance and arterial pressure.

IL (Interleukin)-17A Acts in the Brain to Drive Neuroinflammation, Sympathetic Activation, and Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1450-1462
Author(s):  
Yiling Cao ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Baojian Xue ◽  
Ye Wang ◽  
Xiaolei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Renal Sympathetic

IL (Interleukin)-17A is a key inflammatory mediator contributing to chronic tissue inflammation. The present study sought to determine whether IL-17A plays a role in regulating neuroinflammation, hemodynamics, and sympathetic outflow in normal and hypertensive animals. In urethane-anesthetized rats, intravenous injection of IL-17A induced dramatic and prolonged increases in blood pressure, heart rate, and renal sympathetic nerve activity, which were significantly attenuated by an IL-17RA (IL-17 receptor A) siRNA in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Either intracerebroventricular or PVN microinjection of IL-17A also elicited a similar excitatory response in blood pressure, heart rate, and renal sympathetic nerve activity. Intravenous injection of IL-17A upregulated the mRNA level of IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-17RA in the PVN. Additionally, intravenous injection of IL-17A activated brain-resident glial cells and elevated the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the PVN, which were markedly diminished by PVN microinjection of IL-17RA siRNA. Pretreatments with microglia or astrocyte inhibitors attenuated the increase in blood pressure, heart rate, and renal sympathetic nerve activity in response to PVN IL-17A. Moreover, intracerebroventricular injection of IL-17A activated TGF (transforming growth factor)-β activated kinase 1, p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and transcriptional nuclear factor κB in the PVN. IL-17A interacted with tumor necrosis factor-α or IL-1β synergistically to exaggerate its influence on hemodynamic and sympathetic responses. Central intervention suppressing IL-17RA in the PVN significantly reduced angiotensin II–induced hypertension, neuroinflammation, and sympathetic tone in the rats. Collectively, these data indicated that IL-17A in the brain promotes neuroinflammation to advance sympathetic activation and hypertension, probably by a synergistic mechanism involving the interaction with various inflammatory mediators within the brain.

Baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate in near-term fetal sheep

2011 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 736-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsea C. Booth ◽  
Alistair J. Gunn ◽  
Simon C. Malpas ◽  
Carolyn J. Barrett ◽  
Joanne O. Davidson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Baroreflex Control ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Renal Sympathetic
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