Assessing Alpine Ecosystem Dynamics over the Great Himalayan Mountain Range, Kashmir: Earth Observation and Ecosystem Modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
Subiaya Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Modeling ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Alpine Ecosystem ◽  
Himalayan Mountain

scholarly journals Cryobacterium roopkundense sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from glacial soil

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 866-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. N. Reddy ◽  
Suman Pradhan ◽  
Ruth Manorama ◽  
S. Shivaji
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Major Fatty Acid ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Psychrophilic Bacterium ◽  
Himalayan Mountain ◽  
Unknown Lipid

Strain RuGl7T was isolated from a soil sample collected at the periphery of the glacial Lake Roopkund in the Himalayan mountain range, India. Cells of RuGl7T were Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and grew optimally between 15 and 18 °C. Cells of RuGl7T contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and the major menaquinones were MK-10, MK-11 and MK-12. The polar lipids present were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and an unknown lipid and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. Based on the above characteristics, strain RuGl7T was assigned to the genus Cryobacterium. Strain RuGl7T shared a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.0 and 99.0 % with Cryobacterium psychrotolerans JCM 13925T and Cryobacterium psychrophilum JCM 1463T, respectively. However, DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain RuGl7T and C. psychrotolerans and C. psychrophilum were 28 and 23 %, respectively. Furthermore, strain RuGl7T exhibited several phenotypic and genotypic differences when compared with C. psychrotolerans, C. psychrophilum and Cryobacterium mesophilum. Based on these differentiating characteristics, strain RuGl7T was identified as a novel species of the genus Cryobacterium for which the name Cryobacterium roopkundense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RuGl7T (=DSM 21065T=JCM 15131T).

scholarly journals Species composition and altitudinal distribution of bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus) in the East Himalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Streinzer ◽  
Jharna Chakravorty ◽  
Johann Neumayer ◽  
Karsing Megu ◽  
Jaya Narah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bumble Bees ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Arunachal Pradesh ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
The North ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Future Assessment ◽  
Himalayan Mountain ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

AbstractThe East Himalaya is one of the world’s most biodiverse ecosystems. Yet, very little is known about the abundance and distribution of many plant and animal taxa in this region. Bumble bees are a group of cold-adapted and high altitude insects that fulfill an important ecological and economical function as pollinators of wild and agricultural flowering plants and crops. The Himalayan mountain range provides ample suitable habitats for bumble bees. Himalayan bumble bees have been studied systematically for a few decades now, with the main focus on the western region, while the eastern part of the mountain range received little attention and only a few species are genuinely reported. During a three-year survey, we collected more than 700 bumble bee specimens of 21 species in Arunachal Pradesh, the largest of the north-eastern states of India. We collected a range of species that were previously known from a very limited number of collected specimens, which highlights the unique character of the East Himalayan ecosystem. Our results are an important first step towards a future assessment of species distribution, threat and conservation. We observed clear altitudinal patterns of species diversity, which open important questions about the functional adaptations that allow bumble bees to thrive in this particularly moist region in the East Himalaya.

The crustal structure of the Himalaya: A synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 483 (1) ◽  
pp. 483-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Priestley ◽  
Tak Ho ◽  
Supriyo Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Crustal Structure ◽  
Body Wave ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Indian Plate ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Northeastern India ◽  
Himalayan Mountain ◽  
Southern Side ◽  
Tethys Himalaya ◽  
The Himalaya

AbstractThis chapter examines the along-arc variation in the crustal structure of the Himalayan Mountain Range. Using results from published seismological studies, plus large teleseismic body-wave and surface-wave datasets which we analyse, we illustrate the along-arc variation by comparing the crustal properties beneath four representative areas of the Himalayan Mountain Range: the Western Syntaxis, the Garhwal–Kumaon, the Eastern Nepal–Sikkim, and the Bhutan–Northeastern India regions. The Western Syntaxis and the Bhutan–Northeastern India regions have a complicated structure extending far out in front of the main Range, whereas the Central Himalaya appear to have a much simpler structure. The deformation is more distributed beneath the western and eastern ends of the Range, but in general, the crust gradually thickens from c. 40 km on the southern side of the Foreland Basin to c. 80 km beneath the Tethys Himalaya. While the gross crustal structure of much of the Himalaya is becoming better known, our understanding of the internal structure of the Himalaya is still sketchy. The detailed geometry of the Main Himalayan Thrust and the role of the secondary structures on the underthrusting Indian Plate are yet to be characterized satisfactorily.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION AND PROPOSALS FOR RECOVERY OF TRADITIONAL TAMANG CONSTRUCTION IN NORTHERN NEPAL

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-M-1-2020 ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
F. J. Castilla ◽  
J. Agulló ◽  
J. Castellote
Keyword(s):  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Himalayan Mountain ◽  
Primitive State ◽  
The Village ◽  
Local Materials

Abstract. This article is the result of the work of four years of field trips (2016-2019) to the village of Gatlang (Nepal) and visits to some of the surrounding villages in the Rasuwa district. This area is mainly inhabited by Tamang, of Buddhist culture and of distant Mongolian origin. The architecture of the Tamang ethnic group is unique although shares some common characteristics with other mountain or isolated architectures around the world. Due to its difficult access and remote location of these communities, the architecture uses mostly local materials (stone and wood). Although this characteristic is common to many other communities of the Himalayan mountain range, even today it is possible to differentiate architectural styles associated with ethnic groups in different regions. The primitive state of these constructions is progressively altered by the inclusion of new materials, especially in areas affected by earthquakes, such as this one, where the urgency and need to guarantee the safety of new constructions has resulted in disparate and uncontrolled reconstructions. The article aims to identify and analyze Tamang vernacular architecture constructions, their invariants, and gain in-depth knowledge of their general behavior when faced with environmental factors, as well as conservation possibilities. The final objective is to promote the recovery of this architecture, guaranteeing its structural safety and adapting it to the current habitability needs, but trying to maintain the typological invariants that preserve its value as a set of historical, cultural and tourist interests, which form part of the Tamang Heritage Trail.

scholarly journals Lindavia biswashanti, a new diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from Gokyo Cho, Himalayan Range, Nepal

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 364 (1) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH MOHAN ◽  
JEFFERY R STONE ◽  
KIRSTEN NICHOLSON ◽  
KLAUS NEUMANN ◽  
CAROLYN DOWLING ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Diatom Species ◽  
Mount Everest ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
Sagarmatha National Park ◽  
Himalayan Mountain ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Bacillariophyta (diatom) is described from Gokyo Cho, a lake near Mount Everest in the Himalayan Mountain Range. Water and algal samples were collected during an expedition to Sagarmatha National Park (SNP), Nepal in May 2016. Samples collected during this expedition reveal a new species of Lindavia, described herein with ecological information provided. The new species of Lindavia has three triangular undulations and depressions in the central area. This species has a likeness to the Pantocsekiella ocellata sensu lato group. It differs from the species in this group in undulation shape and ultrastructure numbers and distribution. Investigation into previously described Lindavia in the SNP region has identified a taxon, Cyclotella antiqua var. minor, which is herein transferred into Lindavia in order to conform to the parent taxon Lindavia antiqua.

scholarly journals Glacier changes monitoring in Bhutan High Himalaya using remote sensing technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mithun Kumar ◽  
Ayad M. Fadhil Al-Quraishi ◽  
Ismail Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Classification ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Outburst Floods ◽  
Glacier Changes ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Himalayan Mountain ◽  
Downstream Area

The primary objectives of this study are to identify glacier cover, detect changes of glacier from 1978 to 2017 in Bhutan, and identification of vulnerable zone based on glacier changes. Landsat images and remote sensing (RS) techniques, Maximum Likelihood Classification approach of Supervised Learning of image processing has been utilized to detect and monitor the glacier cover changes of Bhutan over the years (1978-2017). The study results revealed that total area of the glacier changes in 1978 and 2017 has decreased by 2.54%. Most of the glacier zones are found in the northern part of the country, basically near the Greater Himalayan Mountain Range. Gasa, Bamthung and Lhuentse districts of Bhutan were found to have more glacier changes area than the other districts, that the areas experienced more changes of glacier cover over 40 years. Where more changes in the glacier are detected, the area should be more vulnerable in terms of both landslide, unreliability in growing useful land covers and Glacier Lakes Outburst Floods (GLOFS) in downstream area.

scholarly journals Adoption of Geospatial Systems towards evolving Sustainable Himalayan Mountain Development

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-8 ◽  
pp. 1319-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. R. Murthy ◽  
B. Bajracharya ◽  
S. Pradhan ◽  
B. Shestra ◽  
R. Bajracharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Geospatial Technologies ◽  
Unique Region ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Himalayan Mountain ◽  
Mountain Development ◽  
The Way

Natural resources dependence of mountain communities, rapid social and developmental changes, disaster proneness and climate change are conceived as the critical factors regulating sustainable Himalayan mountain development. The Himalayan region posed by typical geographic settings, diverse physical and cultural diversity present a formidable challenge to collect and manage data, information and understands varied socio-ecological settings. Recent advances in earth observation, near real-time data, in-situ measurements and in combination of information and communication technology have transformed the way we collect, process, and generate information and how we use such information for societal benefits. <br><br> Glacier dynamics, land cover changes, disaster risk reduction systems, food security and ecosystem conservation are a few thematic areas where geospatial information and knowledge have significantly contributed to informed decision making systems over the region. The emergence and adoption of near-real time systems, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), board-scale citizen science (crowd-sourcing), mobile services and mapping, and cloud computing have paved the way towards developing automated environmental monitoring systems, enhanced scientific understanding of geophysical and biophysical processes, coupled management of socio-ecological systems and community based adaptation models tailored to mountain specific environment. <br><br> There are differentiated capacities among the ICIMOD regional member countries with regard to utilization of earth observation and geospatial technologies. The region can greatly benefit from a coordinated and collaborative approach to capture the opportunities offered by earth observation and geospatial technologies. The regional level data sharing, knowledge exchange, and Himalayan GEO supporting geospatial platforms, spatial data infrastructure, unique region specific satellite systems to address trans-boundary challenges would go a long way in evolving sustainable Himalayan livelihoods.

scholarly journals Species composition and elevational distribution of bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus Latreille) in the East Himalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, India

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 71-89
Author(s):  
Martin Streinzer ◽  
Jharna Chakravorty ◽  
Johann Neumayer ◽  
Karsing Megu ◽  
Jaya Narah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Elevation ◽  
Bumble Bees ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Arunachal Pradesh ◽  
The North ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Future Assessment ◽  
Himalayan Mountain ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

The East Himalaya is one of the world’s most biodiverse ecosystems. However, very little is known about the abundance and distribution of many plant and animal taxa in this region. Bumble bees are a group of cold-adapted and high elevation insects that fulfil an important ecological and economical function as pollinators of wild and agricultural flowering plants and crops. The Himalayan mountain range provides ample suitable habitats for bumble bees. Systematic study of Himalayan bumble bees began a few decades ago and the main focus has centred on the western region, while the eastern part of the mountain range has received little attention and only a few species have been verified. During a three-year survey, more than 700 bumble bee specimens of 21 species were collected in Arunachal Pradesh, the largest of the north-eastern states of India. The material included a range of species that were previously known from a limited number of collected specimens, which highlights the unique character of the East Himalayan ecosystem. Our results are an important first step towards a future assessment of species distribution, threat, and conservation. Clear elevation patterns of species diversity were observed, which raise important questions about the functional adaptations that allow bumble bees to thrive in this particularly moist region in the East Himalaya.

scholarly journals Eastern Hemlock Decline in Riparian Areas from Maine to Alabama

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Evans ◽  
W. Michael Aust ◽  
C. Andrew Dolloff ◽  
Ben S. Templeton ◽  
John A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid ◽  
Adelges Tsugae ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Riparian Areas ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Hemlock Decline

Abstract Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) in the Appalachian mountain range is threatened by the introduced hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae). Potential impacts on riparian systems are great because of eastern hemlock's role as a foundation species that influences site soil, vegetation, and stream characteristics. We installed permanent research sites at 49 locations in riparian areas, from Maine to Alabama, to survey eastern hemlock health, measure stand dynamics, and predict near-term forest composition without eastern hemlock. This report summarizes the initial stand measurements from summer of 2008. We found hemlock woolly adelgid present at 25 of 49 stands from Massachusetts to Georgia, and all of these stands had some degree of hemlock decline. New England states, Ohio, western Pennsylvania, Kentucky, and Alabama had good hemlock health and no sign of hemlock woolly adelgid. Eighteen of the 49 sites had no nonhemlock conifer species in the overstory, and 30 of 49 sites had less than 5 m2 ha−1 of nonhemlock conifers. Without eastern hemlock, 25 of the stands would have more than 90% hardwood in the overstory, many of which are in the mid-Atlantic and southern states at sites dominated by shrubs in the understory such as Rhododendron maximum. Competition from shrubs may hinder stand regeneration after disturbance by hemlock woolly adelgid. On the basis of the abundance of hardwood species and lack of conifer species present in the overstory at many infested hemlock-dominated stands, these sites may convert to hardwood-dominated stands, which will affect terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem dynamics.

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